{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2275013259","doi":null,"title":"HIV testing in the insurance industry--the gap between theory and practice.","display_name":"HIV testing in the insurance industry--the gap between theory and practice.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2275013259","mag":"2275013259","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7809793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7809793","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7809793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Letter"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047948007","display_name":"Leslie London","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-2758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-2758","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-7287"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L London","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031352006","display_name":"J Frieslaar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Frieslaar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062084284","display_name":"M Schelhase","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Schelhase","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"5","first_page":"301","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-testing","display_name":"HIV testing","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-insurance","display_name":"life insurance","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-underwriting","display_name":"insurance underwriting","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-test-counseling","display_name":"pre-test counseling","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-test-counseling","display_name":"post-test counseling","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"confidentiality","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disclosure-of-test-results","display_name":"disclosure of test results","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-brokers","display_name":"insurance brokers","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lawyers","display_name":"lawyers","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-norms","display_name":"moral norms","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cape-town","display_name":"Cape Town","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.74822998046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6476132273674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776535787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084257","display_name":"Serostatus","level":4,"score":0.6118950843811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5132629871368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.48335880041122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.45855990052223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.39815229177474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2882387042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.28802138566970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.128760427236557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12495031952857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003219","descriptor_name":"Confidentiality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003376","descriptor_name":"Counseling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004991","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Institutional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006679","descriptor_name":"HIV Seropositivity","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007341","descriptor_name":"Insurance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7809793","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7809793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"mag:2275013259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7809793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/745093","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=HIV+Testing+in+the+Insurance+Industry+the+Gap+between+Theory+And+practice&title=South+African+Medical+Journal.++&volume=84&issue=5&pages=301-302&date=1994&au=London,+L.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BRL:KIE/46497","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/874198","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=HIV+Testing+in+the+Insurance+Industry+The+Gap+Between+Theory+and+Practice&title=SOUTH+AFRICAN+MEDICAL+JOURNAL+&volume=84&issue=5&spage=301-302&date=1994-05&au=London,+L.;+Frieslaar,+I.;+Schelhase,+M.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:140126","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2464751549","https://openalex.org/W6979788319","https://openalex.org/W1490718744","https://openalex.org/W2394686180","https://openalex.org/W2074581779","https://openalex.org/W1974513182","https://openalex.org/W1973327351","https://openalex.org/W2138734279","https://openalex.org/W7100790884","https://openalex.org/W2041254016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Official":[0],"policy":[1],"within":[2],"the":[3,24,62,69,90,189,237,243,264],"insurance":[4,58,70,168,190,212],"industry":[5],"is":[6,26,253],"said":[7],"to":[8,14,60,100,203,230,263,267],"ensure":[9],"correct":[10],"practices":[11,67],"with":[12,54,216,233],"regard":[13],"counseling":[15,122,218],"confidentiality":[16],"and":[17,80,140,164,186,197,236,247],"feedback":[18,156,248],"but":[19,118,172],"anecdotal":[20],"evidence":[21],"suggests":[22],"that":[23,82,200],"reality":[25,63],"consistently":[27],"otherwise.":[28],"The":[30,73,179],"authors":[31],"in":[32,47,68,89,105,193],"September":[33],"1993":[34],"therefore":[35],"surveyed":[36],"a":[37,76,108,114,132,137,161,205,208,256],"randomly":[38],"selected":[39],"group":[40],"of":[41,64,181,195,239],"80":[42],"attorneys":[43],"from":[44,160,166],"law":[45],"firms":[46],"greater":[48],"Cape":[49],"Town":[50],"on":[51,157,224],"their":[52,158,176],"experience":[53],"HIV":[55,65,104],"testing":[56,66,246],"for":[57,103,107,207,211],"purposes":[59,213],"investigate":[61],"industry.":[71],"researchers":[74],"received":[75,113,120,155,175,249],"92%":[77],"response":[78,223],"rate":[79],"found":[81],"52":[83],"subjects":[84,252],"had":[85],"taken":[86],"out":[87],"policies":[88],"preceding":[91],"six":[92],"years.":[93],"Nineteen":[95],"reported":[96],"having":[97],"been":[98],"required":[99],"get":[101],"tested":[102,130],"applying":[106],"policy.":[109],"One":[111],"person":[112],"leaflet":[115],"as":[116],"pre-counseling":[117],"none":[119],"post-test":[121],"or":[123],"verbal":[124],"pre-test":[125],"counseling.":[126],"Eleven":[128],"were":[129,149,183],"at":[131,136],"pathology":[133],"laboratory":[134],"five":[135,165,173],"general":[138,162],"practitioner":[139,163],"three":[141],"by":[142,188,250],"an":[143,167,221],"in-house":[144],"medical":[145],"officer.":[146],"There":[148],"no":[150],"repeat":[151],"tests.":[152],"Three":[154],"results":[159,182],"company":[169],"telephone":[170],"call":[171],"never":[174],"results.":[177],"majority":[180],"given":[184],"telephonically":[185],"frequently":[187],"broker":[191],"clearly":[192],"violation":[194],"national":[196],"international":[198],"guidelines":[199],"people":[201],"asked":[202],"have":[204],"test":[206],"fatal":[209],"disease":[210],"be":[214,231],"provided":[215],"adequate":[217],"services":[219],"including":[220],"assured":[222],"serostatus.":[225],"Since":[227],"lawyers":[228],"tend":[229],"familiar":[232],"litigation":[234],"discourse":[235],"protection":[238],"individual":[240],"rights":[241],"however":[242],"still":[244],"unethical":[245],"these":[251],"most":[254],"likely":[255],"best-case":[257],"scenario.":[258],"Study":[260],"findings":[261],"point":[262],"urgent":[265],"need":[266],"revise":[268],"current":[269],"practices.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
