{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2274334154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0740041209","title":"Practical synthetic seismograms for laterally varying media calculated by asymptotic ray theory","display_name":"Practical synthetic seismograms for laterally varying media calculated by asymptotic ray theory","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2274334154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0740041209","mag":"2274334154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.536.4885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.536.4885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/DJCrossley/rayamp/spence_etal_raytracing84.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080299876","display_name":"George D. Spence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. D. Spence","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062052413","display_name":"Kenneth P. Whittall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth P. Whittall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035456099","display_name":"Ron M. Clowes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. M. Clowes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geophysics and Astronomy University of British ColumbiaVancouver, CanadaV6T 1W5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94003607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"4","first_page":"1209","last_page":"1223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.6973000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.290800005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-seismograms","display_name":"synthetic seismograms","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptotic-ray-theory","display_name":"asymptotic ray theory","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-refraction","display_name":"seismic refraction","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"ray tracing","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-spreading","display_name":"geometrical spreading","score":0.7950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169744125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510375","display_name":"Seismogram","level":2,"score":0.720080554485321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6552914381027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5908119678497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5435913801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5349276065826416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.5070297718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199631012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205034","display_name":"Perpendicular","level":2,"score":0.4650287330150604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205318122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72277","display_name":"Refraction","level":2,"score":0.4614281952381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137219930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662785","display_name":"Synthetic seismogram","level":2,"score":0.4491797983646393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.4352295696735382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35608425736427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34837663173675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2913229763507843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2538641095161438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15953034162521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.10684874653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.08768609166145325}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.536.4885","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.536.4885","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/DJCrossley/rayamp/spence_etal_raytracing84.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2274334154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0740041209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article-abstract/74/4/1209/118551/Practical-synthetic-seismograms-for-laterally","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59098468","display_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","issn_l":"0037-1106","issn":["0037-1106","1943-3573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316854","host_organization_name":"Seismological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seismological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97825053","https://openalex.org/W1931648425","https://openalex.org/W1977496030","https://openalex.org/W1988072952","https://openalex.org/W1988141209","https://openalex.org/W2017708007","https://openalex.org/W2019474836","https://openalex.org/W2039229388","https://openalex.org/W2040292903","https://openalex.org/W2075196717","https://openalex.org/W2099824132","https://openalex.org/W2109980446","https://openalex.org/W2115089429","https://openalex.org/W2116536971","https://openalex.org/W2133098752","https://openalex.org/W2147901427","https://openalex.org/W2150072505","https://openalex.org/W2276845174","https://openalex.org/W2461311615","https://openalex.org/W2587584920","https://openalex.org/W2841247708","https://openalex.org/W3005610564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017708007","https://openalex.org/W7100549558","https://openalex.org/W2133098752","https://openalex.org/W2152548955","https://openalex.org/W7117398964","https://openalex.org/W2909949924","https://openalex.org/W2038349766","https://openalex.org/W2030501903","https://openalex.org/W2014163879","https://openalex.org/W1542100521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"fast,":[1],"efficient":[2],"algorithm":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5],"asymptotic":[6,91,171],"ray":[7,75,92,104,141,172],"theory":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"developed":[11],"for":[12,32,73,118,153,204,227,231],"the":[13,39,58,96,100,103,107,127,145,154,177,190,193],"calculation":[14],"of":[15,41,64,102,126,130,157,176,184,192,206,224],"synthetic":[16],"seismograms":[17],"through":[18],"two-dimensional":[19,158],"media.":[20],"The":[21,45,140,213],"routine":[22],"is":[23,30,48,61,110,148,179],"economical":[24],"and":[25,29,54,63,77,82,230],"easy":[26],"to":[27,134,137,189],"run,":[28],"intended":[31],"use":[33],"as":[34,181],"a":[35,182],"practical":[36],"tool":[37],"in":[38,106,144,220],"interpretation":[40],"seismic":[42],"refraction":[43],"data.":[44],"velocity":[46,59,162,194],"structure":[47],"represented":[49],"by":[50,88,112,200],"large":[51],"polygonal":[52],"blocks,":[53],"within":[55],"each":[56],"block":[57,175],"gradient":[60],"uniform":[62],"arbitrary":[65],"orientation,":[66],"Simple":[67],"analytical":[68],"expressions":[69,202],"are":[70,86,167,197],"thus":[71],"used":[72,219],"both":[74],"tracing":[76],"amplitude":[78],"compu-tations.":[79],"For":[80,94],"reflected":[81,228],"refracted":[83,232],"rays,":[84],"amplitudes":[85,166,226],"determined":[87,111,168,199],"using":[89,150,169],"zero-order":[90],"theory.":[93,173],"calculating":[95,225],"geometrical":[97],"spreading":[98],"function,":[99],"width":[101,143],"tube":[105,142],"in-plane":[108],"direction":[109,147,191],"shooting":[113],"two":[114],"closely":[115],"spaced":[116],"rays":[117,229,233],"every":[119],"receiver":[120],"location.":[121],"This":[122],"enables":[123],"an":[124,221],"estimate":[125],"partial":[128],"derivative":[129],"range":[131],"with":[132,160,209,234],"respect":[133],"starting":[135],"angle":[136],"be":[138,218],"made.":[139],"out-of-plane":[146],"evaluated":[149],"expres-sions":[151],"valid":[152,203],"specific":[155],"case":[156],"models":[159,205],"linear":[161],"gradients.":[163],"Head":[164],"wave":[165],"first-order":[170],"Each":[174],"model":[178,215],"reparameterized":[180,214],"series":[183],"thin":[185],"homoge-neous":[186],"layers":[187,208],"perpendicular":[188],"gradient.":[195],"Amplitudes":[196],"then":[198],"analytic":[201],"homogeneous":[207],"plane":[210],"dipping":[211],"boundaries.":[212],"also":[216],"may":[217],"alternative":[222],"method":[223],"no":[235],"turning":[236],"points.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}