{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2273066853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","title":"The Domestic Turn: Business Process Outsourcing and the Growing Automation of Kenyan Organisations","display_name":"The Domestic Turn: Business Process Outsourcing and the Growing Automation of Kenyan Organisations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2273066853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","mag":"2273066853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013085595","display_name":"Laura Mann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-0926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-0926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201713289","display_name":"African Studies Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00ma2r948","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201713289"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Studies Centre, Leiden, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Studies Centre, Leiden, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201713289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086530950","display_name":"Mark Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-9848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-9848","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-5190"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":[",","Oxford Internet Institute and School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute and School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013085595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201713289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96283001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"4","first_page":"530","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14503","display_name":"Globalization, Economics, and Policies","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-process-outsourcing","display_name":"business process outsourcing","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-infrastructure","display_name":"internet infrastructure","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing-policy","display_name":"outsourcing policy","score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing-workers","display_name":"outsourcing workers","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187651312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114","display_name":"Kenya","level":2,"score":0.946123480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.653453528881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.6475738286972046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5758875608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5098680257797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.492485374212265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47856977581977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37542691826820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35432857275009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21118682622909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.1583910882472992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12753614783287048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12459132075309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":13,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940746988802711","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/33055","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/download/1887/33055/1?col=81522199230002711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of development studies","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:85048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1863-5387>","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85048/1/Mann%20Domestic%20turn_2017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.leidenuniv.nl:1887/33055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33055","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33055","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33055","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lse.ac.uk:85048","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1863-5387>","pdf_url":"https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/85048/1/Mann%20Domestic%20turn_2017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:3122680014","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2604582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ehl:lserod:85048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85048/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:52:y:2016:i:4:p:530-548","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.31UKB_LEU:9940742170202711","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/3199711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:bd3f0d1b-f19d-4a65-8d50-7bc0923e65f3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd3f0d1b-f19d-4a65-8d50-7bc0923e65f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements at Oxford","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2870473","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/33055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of development studies","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_3199711","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3199711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ul:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_2870473","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1887/33055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of development studies","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2015.1126251?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7065944535","display_name":"The Promises of Fibre-Optic Broadband: A Pipeline for Economic Development in East Africa","funder_award_id":"ES/I033777/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320004","display_name":"British Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0302b4677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2273066853.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2273066853.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140229332","https://openalex.org/W156672152","https://openalex.org/W201578715","https://openalex.org/W402746896","https://openalex.org/W647638517","https://openalex.org/W659285808","https://openalex.org/W1587907563","https://openalex.org/W1671342357","https://openalex.org/W1857582477","https://openalex.org/W1868118610","https://openalex.org/W1969302060","https://openalex.org/W1971588827","https://openalex.org/W1982729168","https://openalex.org/W1984759356","https://openalex.org/W1984867190","https://openalex.org/W1989756511","https://openalex.org/W1997240723","https://openalex.org/W2031288091","https://openalex.org/W2045998870","https://openalex.org/W2049820695","https://openalex.org/W2068855112","https://openalex.org/W2075045151","https://openalex.org/W2079486177","https://openalex.org/W2089253889","https://openalex.org/W2092208820","https://openalex.org/W2105020967","https://openalex.org/W2111867365","https://openalex.org/W2118875749","https://openalex.org/W2120444605","https://openalex.org/W2120499366","https://openalex.org/W2124577456","https://openalex.org/W2136010080","https://openalex.org/W2136240258","https://openalex.org/W2141172923","https://openalex.org/W2142215960","https://openalex.org/W2142420051","https://openalex.org/W2151141082","https://openalex.org/W2154857210","https://openalex.org/W2156307423","https://openalex.org/W2249688373","https://openalex.org/W2266917152","https://openalex.org/W2283756208","https://openalex.org/W2331394935","https://openalex.org/W2479430593","https://openalex.org/W2498980159","https://openalex.org/W2588831772","https://openalex.org/W2772533371","https://openalex.org/W3124831251","https://openalex.org/W3146448018","https://openalex.org/W4230348001","https://openalex.org/W4235547424","https://openalex.org/W4236007313","https://openalex.org/W4238299177","https://openalex.org/W4243838916","https://openalex.org/W4244416483","https://openalex.org/W4244881148","https://openalex.org/W4245027737","https://openalex.org/W4246891764","https://openalex.org/W4248871729","https://openalex.org/W4254184217","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300351783","https://openalex.org/W4302090173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122680014","https://openalex.org/W2213459778","https://openalex.org/W2507200345","https://openalex.org/W2236840266","https://openalex.org/W7100974407","https://openalex.org/W2744995737","https://openalex.org/W2136010080","https://openalex.org/W2232217705","https://openalex.org/W7110562899","https://openalex.org/W4253319843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"observing":[1],"the":[2,5,34,46,77,87,92,96,129,146],"growth":[3],"of":[4,38,79,89,95,113,131],"Indian":[6],"and":[7,16,25,56,91,98,148],"Filipino":[8],"Business":[9],"Process":[10],"Outsourcing":[11],"(BPO)":[12],"sectors,":[13],"Kenyan":[14,55,102,115],"policy-makers":[15],"managers":[17],"made":[18],"substantial":[19],"investments":[20],"in":[21,36,43,151],"international":[22,40,69,120,132],"internet":[23,97],"infrastructure":[24],"BPO":[26,70,116],"marketing":[27],"campaigns.":[28],"While":[29],"observers":[30],"continue":[31],"to":[32,82,86,128],"discuss":[33],"sector":[35,47,147],"terms":[37],"its":[39,149],"work":[41,84,121],"opportunities,":[42],"recent":[44],"years":[45],"has":[48,63,108,125],"increasingly":[49],"focused":[50],"on":[51,67],"contracts":[52],"sourced":[53],"from":[54],"other":[57],"East":[58],"African":[59],"clients.":[60],"The":[61,137],"government":[62],"also":[64,126],"refocused":[65],"efforts":[66],"attracting":[68],"companies.":[71],"This":[72],"domestic":[73],"turn":[74],"signals":[75],"both":[76],"difficulties":[78],"gaining":[80],"access":[81,119],"overseas":[83],"due":[85],"power":[88],"incumbents":[90],"increasing":[93],"use":[94],"ICT-enabled":[99],"automation":[100],"within":[101],"organisations.":[103],"In":[104],"effect,":[105],"better":[106],"connectivity":[107,124],"enabled":[109],"a":[110],"two-way":[111],"globalisation":[112],"services:":[114],"companies":[117],"can":[118],"opportunities":[122],"but":[123],"contributed":[127],"inflow":[130],"business":[133],"practices":[134],"into":[135],"Kenya.":[136],"conclusion":[138],"examines":[139],"what":[140],"these":[141],"shifts":[142],"might":[143],"entail":[144],"for":[145],"workers":[150],"future.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":114},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}