{"id":"https://openalex.org/W22728045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","title":"Prevalence of Sperm Bound Antibodies in Infertile Men with Varicocele: The Effect of Varicocele Ligation on Antibody Levels and Semen Response","display_name":"Prevalence of Sperm Bound Antibodies in Infertile Men with Varicocele: The Effect of Varicocele Ligation on Antibody Levels and Semen Response","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W22728045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","mag":"22728045","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8158771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30525748","display_name":"The Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0022-5347","issn":["0022-5347","1527-3792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054585172","display_name":"Gregory Knudson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Knudson","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108594336","display_name":"Lawrence S. Ross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021809889","display_name":"David Stuhldreher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Stuhldreher","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Houlihan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Houlihan","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039816248","display_name":"Eric S. Bruns","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Bruns","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049719845","display_name":"Gail S. Prins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9044-4734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9044-4734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail Prins","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Urology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76214047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"151","issue":"5","first_page":"1260","last_page":"1262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13242","display_name":"Male Reproductive Health Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antisperm-antibodies","display_name":"antisperm antibodies","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicocele","display_name":"varicocele","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-infertility","display_name":"male infertility","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varicocelectomy","display_name":"varicocelectomy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunobead-test","display_name":"immunobead test","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-motility","display_name":"sperm motility","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen-parameters","display_name":"semen parameters","score":0.734000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778054964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549229","display_name":"Varicocele","level":4,"score":0.9609386920928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8940720558166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9715","display_name":"Semen","level":2,"score":0.7622880935668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5407206416130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16685009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335057","display_name":"Andrology","level":1,"score":0.5209147334098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5184752345085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.5094698071479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.36701500415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.35946890711784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.12032449245452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.10861128568649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05269962549209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.03976351022720337}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007136","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007248","descriptor_name":"Infertility, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007248","descriptor_name":"Infertility, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007248","descriptor_name":"Infertility, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008026","descriptor_name":"Ligation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013076","descriptor_name":"Sperm Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013094","descriptor_name":"Spermatozoa","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014646","descriptor_name":"Varicocele","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014646","descriptor_name":"Varicocele","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35226-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30525748","display_name":"The Journal of Urology","issn_l":"0022-5347","issn":["0022-5347","1527-3792"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8158771","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8158771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of urology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15835070","https://openalex.org/W1893158971","https://openalex.org/W2085358713","https://openalex.org/W2087596346","https://openalex.org/W2283267153","https://openalex.org/W2283760100","https://openalex.org/W2336457430","https://openalex.org/W2409527870","https://openalex.org/W2409980151","https://openalex.org/W2410914463","https://openalex.org/W2413639247","https://openalex.org/W4229976513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2336457430","https://openalex.org/W2415196032","https://openalex.org/W1511710935","https://openalex.org/W2182186815","https://openalex.org/W2409527870","https://openalex.org/W2055359646","https://openalex.org/W2087596346","https://openalex.org/W3210118106","https://openalex.org/W2096300899","https://openalex.org/W2410392339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increased":[1,198],"level":[2],"of":[3,32,43,86,125,155,178,200,221],"antisperm":[4,33,53],"antibodies":[5,34,54],"has":[6],"been":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"in":[9,35,135,138,150,169,203,215,245],"infertile":[10,45,73,204],"men":[11,46,74],"with":[12,15,75,84,109,116,132],"varicocele":[13,36,48,76,107,205,246],"compared":[14,83,115],"normal":[16,87],"fertile":[17,88],"men,":[18],"suggesting":[19],"a":[20,40,79,241],"possible":[21,29],"cause":[22],"and":[23,52,64,68,207],"effect":[24,211],"relationship.":[25],"To":[26],"evaluate":[27],"the":[28,58,72,142,170,219,227],"etiological":[30,243],"role":[31],"patients,":[37],"we":[38,235],"performed":[39,62],"prospective":[41],"study":[42,192],"32":[44],"undergoing":[47],"ligation.":[49],"Semen":[50],"analyses":[51],"as":[55,240],"measured":[56],"by":[57],"immunobead":[59,81],"test":[60,82],"were":[61],"preoperatively":[63],"postoperatively":[65],"at":[66],"3":[67],"6":[69],"months.":[70],"Of":[71],"28%":[77],"had":[78],"positive":[80,144],"0%":[85],"men.":[89],"The":[90],"average":[91],"total":[92],"motile":[93,151],"sperm":[94,152],"count":[95],"was":[96],"significantly":[97],"different":[98],"(p":[99],"<":[100,166,189],"0.05,":[101],"2-tailed":[102],"t":[103],"test)":[104],"for":[105],"9":[106],"patients":[108,127,206],"sperm-bound":[110,201,222],"antibody":[111,119,136,143,171],"(3.2":[112],"x":[113,121,157,161,180,184],"10(6))":[114],"23":[117],"without":[118],"(8.4":[120],"10(6)).":[122],"Postoperatively,":[123],"68%":[124],"all":[126],"exhibited":[128],"improved":[129],"semen":[130,213],"parameters,":[131],"no":[133],"change":[134],"status":[137],"either":[139],"group.":[140],"Among":[141],"group":[145,173],"71%":[146],"showed":[147,175],"an":[148,176,197,208,237],"increase":[149,177],"per":[153],"ml.":[154],"2.8":[156],"10(6)":[158,162,181,185],"to":[159,182,230],"17.2":[160],"(525%":[163],"increase,":[164,187],"p":[165,188],"0.05),":[167],"while":[168],"negative":[172],"67%":[174],"3.8":[179],"24.9":[183],"(553%":[186],"0.05).":[190],"Our":[191],"suggests":[193],"that":[194],"there":[195],"is":[196],"incidence":[199],"immunoglobulin":[202,223],"apparent":[209],"adverse":[210],"on":[212],"parameters":[214],"these":[216],"patients.":[217],"However,":[218],"presence":[220],"did":[224],"not":[225],"affect":[226],"percentage":[228],"response":[229],"surgical":[231],"correction,":[232],"nor":[233],"can":[234],"postulate":[236],"immunological":[238],"mechanism":[239],"major":[242],"factor":[244],"induced":[247],"infertility.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}