{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2272129773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","title":"Brain damage in American Football Inevitable consequence or avoidable risk?","display_name":"Brain damage in American Football Inevitable consequence or avoidable risk?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2272129773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","mag":"2272129773","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26184758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136578784","display_name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0306-3674","issn":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090533386","display_name":"Chad A. Asplund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chad A Asplund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Director of Student Health and Sports Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Director of Student Health and Sports Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040279086","display_name":"Thomas Michael Best","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-161X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-161X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M Best","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor and Pomerene chair, Department of Family Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Pomerene chair, Department of Family Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090533386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"15","first_page":"1015","last_page":"1016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11487","display_name":"Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-football","display_name":"American football","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-injury","display_name":"brain injury","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy","display_name":"chronic traumatic encephalopathy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegeneration","display_name":"neurodegeneration","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nfl","display_name":"NFL","score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concussion","display_name":"concussion","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-settlement","display_name":"lawsuit settlement","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-related-head-injury","display_name":"sports-related head injury","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protection-strategies","display_name":"protective strategies","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911139526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5114004","display_name":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy","level":5,"score":0.9552179574966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.9122322201728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020114046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41323","display_name":"American football","level":3,"score":0.7187619209289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778426673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326921","display_name":"Concussion","level":4,"score":0.6813061237335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6384212970733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.6345930695533752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.5997065305709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.5129168033599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49283885955810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3757149875164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3481634259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.32970380783081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3089907169342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.24734878540039062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.17161253094673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14406496286392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07466089725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.06003132462501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001924","descriptor_name":"Brain Concussion","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001924","descriptor_name":"Brain Concussion","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001930","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005538","descriptor_name":"Football","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017751","descriptor_name":"Safety Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040242","descriptor_name":"Risk Reduction Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-h1381rep","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136578784","display_name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","issn_l":"0306-3674","issn":["0306-3674","1473-0480"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26184758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26184758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British journal of sports medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147689093","https://openalex.org/W2995778018","https://openalex.org/W2416552808","https://openalex.org/W2962552597","https://openalex.org/W2901751698","https://openalex.org/W7068625913","https://openalex.org/W7012583934","https://openalex.org/W2151628677","https://openalex.org/W2736623430","https://openalex.org/W6965670923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"subject":[1],"of":[2,48,55,115,124],"brain":[3,27,101,147,184],"injury":[4,28,102,148],"in":[5,161,182],"American":[6,162],"football":[7,25,92,118,163],"has":[8],"never":[9],"been":[10],"more":[11,138],"controversial.":[12],"For":[13],"15":[14],"years,":[15],"the":[16,57,183],"National":[17],"Football":[18],"League":[19],"(NFL)":[20],"denied":[21],"any":[22],"link":[23],"between":[24],"and":[26,120,130,149,179],"or":[29,99,103],"chronic":[30,96],"traumatic":[31,97,155],"encephalopathy.":[32],"It":[33,81],"supported":[34],"this":[35,52,85],"claim":[36],"with":[37,177],"research":[38,139],"performed":[39],"by":[40,69,89],"an":[41,87,109],"NFL":[42,58,90,128],"appointed":[43],"committee,":[44],"which":[45],"contradicted":[46],"that":[47,91,137],"independent":[49],"researchers.":[50],"Despite":[51],"long":[53],"history":[54],"denial,":[56],"recently":[59],"settled":[60],"(for":[61],"$870m":[62],"(\u00a3578m;":[63],"\u20ac822m))":[64],"a":[65,104,121,168],"legal":[66],"case":[67],"filed":[68],"former":[70],"players":[71,119,129,164],"who":[72],"claimed":[73],"their":[74,131],"neurological":[75],"deficits":[76],"were":[77],"from":[78],"playing":[79],"football.1":[80],"remains":[82],"unclear":[83],"whether":[84,150],"was":[86,158],"admission":[88],"can":[93],"lead":[94],"to":[95,108,113,142,173],"encephalopathy":[98,156],"other":[100],"public":[105],"relations":[106],"response":[107],"overwhelming":[110],"media":[111],"reaction":[112],"deaths":[114],"prominent":[116],"retired":[117,127],"perceived":[122],"lack":[123],"concern":[125],"for":[126],"families.":[132],"What":[133],"is":[134,136,140],"clear":[135],"needed":[141],"determine":[143],"how":[144],"athletes":[145],"develop":[146],"strategies":[151],"could":[152],"protect":[153],"them.\n\nChronic":[154],"(CTE)":[157],"first":[159],"described":[160],"(figure":[165],"1)":[166],"as":[167,185],"progressive":[169],"neurodegenerative":[170],"syndrome":[171],"leading":[172],"neuronal":[174],"loss":[175],"coupled":[176],"protein":[178],"plaque":[180],"deposits":[181],"\u2026":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}