{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2271895099","doi":null,"title":"Analytical Framework for Examining the Value of Antibacterial Products","display_name":"Analytical Framework for Examining the Value of Antibacterial Products","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2271895099","mag":"2271895099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.bu.edu:faculty_scholarship-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056587472","display_name":"Kevin Outterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-3216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-3216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Outterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University School of Law"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-3216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054354967","display_name":"Aylin Sertkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-649X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5830-649X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aylin Sertkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053301887","display_name":"John T Eyraud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John T Eyraud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062342910","display_name":"Anna Birkenback","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Birkenback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038344456","display_name":"Calvin Franz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin Franz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059013484","display_name":"Nyssa Ackerley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nyssa Ackerley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086090668","display_name":"Valerie Overton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139872","display_name":"Eastern Research Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vff5r77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Overton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Research Group, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Research Group, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98930946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.01979999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-products","display_name":"antibacterial products","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development-incentives","display_name":"drug development incentives","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"decision tree","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-incentives","display_name":"market incentives","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-vaccines","display_name":"bacterial vaccines","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-diagnostic-tests","display_name":"rapid diagnostic tests","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrsa-detection","display_name":"MRSA detection","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-bacterial-skin-and-skin-structure-infections","display_name":"acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-acquired-bacterial-pneumonia","display_name":"community-acquired bacterial pneumonia","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complicated-intra-abdominal-infections","display_name":"complicated intra-abdominal infections","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complicated-urinary-tract-infection","display_name":"complicated urinary tract infection","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-acquired-bacterial-pneumonia","display_name":"hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-costs","display_name":"health care costs","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49232375621795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41320472955703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2573806345462799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23235487937927246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.bu.edu:faculty_scholarship-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2271895099","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2641820_code355514.pdf?abstractid=2641820&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.bu.edu:faculty_scholarship-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","pdf_url":"https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2271895099.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2271895099.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14025997","https://openalex.org/W123463752","https://openalex.org/W560335537","https://openalex.org/W1523236009","https://openalex.org/W2104394805","https://openalex.org/W2733582637","https://openalex.org/W3125080756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175709702","https://openalex.org/W2141712221","https://openalex.org/W2219730315","https://openalex.org/W1525991362","https://openalex.org/W2472639432","https://openalex.org/W2900193407","https://openalex.org/W1980433906","https://openalex.org/W2312976155","https://openalex.org/W4388967634","https://openalex.org/W2510270542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antibacterial":[0,306],"resistance":[1,73],"is":[2,528,647,769,915,949,1016,1038,1054],"a":[3,58,88,295,408,421,502,510,624,703,907,1034,1050],"growing":[4],"global":[5],"problem.":[6],"According":[7],"to":[8,35,43,115,146,148,175,190,193,211,246,261,270,315,377,406,455,491,496,509,543,561,602,610,631,650,698,738,762,814,938,974,980,1018,1057,1069,1089,1105,1121,1125],"the":[9,14,48,68,75,109,117,126,132,149,168,186,195,212,223,248,256,276,281,288,299,398,403,415,425,433,442,456,466,488,492,520,530,550,555,567,575,588,592,599,608,611,640,643,645,652,660,665,668,684,696,706,736,746,753,773,778,784,799,803,830,837,843,853,864,872,883,892,895,901,918,927,960,976,982,999,1009,1020,1029,1045,1079,1091,1107,1126],"most":[10,169],"recent":[11,140],"statistics":[12],"from":[13,501,539,558,664,1032,1049],"Centers":[15,101],"for":[16,102,134,226,294,308,420,424,477,507,515,574,757,783,802,808,867,891,906,932,1111],"Disease":[17,103],"Control":[18,104],"and":[19,85,95,105,137,142,217,228,231,258,283,327,349,369,460,470,475,481,554,598,678,723,829,870,903,922,929,954,963,1008,1042,1073],"Prevention":[20],"(CDC),":[21],"at":[22,298,414,464,616,642,705,911,951],"least":[23],"2":[24],"million":[25,413,506,514,522,541,545,552,563,569,913,920,953,1128],"people":[26],"acquire":[27],"serious":[28,386,947],"infections":[29,46,330,341,347,396,948],"with":[30,121,287,727,1004,1078],"bacteria":[31],"that":[32,242,383,431,437,487,622,656,692,767,810,944,970,1059],"are":[33,188,581,792,850,880,972,1087],"resistant":[34,122],"one":[36],"or":[37,310,391,395,993],"more":[38],"of":[39,60,71,111,125,153,157,171,180,197,215,222,250,264,291,301,397,411,417,429,435,504,512,519,533,579,586,596,607,619,667,671,686,702,708,715,745,749,788,797,835,840,846,859,863,877,888,966,978,1001,1012,1023,1028,1062,1081],"antibacterial":[40,72,113,135,198,266,292,478,483,759,817,1036,1082,1113],"drugs":[41,136,307,979,1114],"designed":[42,314,376,937],"treat":[44,981],"those":[45,271],"in":[47,74,90,139,155,178,362,441,584,675,772,795,805,990,1047,1095],"United":[49,76],"States":[50,77],"alone.":[51],"Of":[52],"these,":[53],"approximately":[54],"23,000":[55],"die":[56],"as":[57,80,82,389,1066],"result":[59],"drug-resistant":[61],"infections.":[62],"Even":[63],"though":[64],"estimates":[65],"vary":[66],"widely,":[67],"economic":[69],"cost":[70,595],"could":[78,536],"be":[79,244,614],"high":[81,511,838],"$20":[83],"billion":[84,87],"$35":[86],"year":[89],"excess":[91],"direct":[92],"healthcare":[93],"costs":[94],"lost":[96],"productivity":[97],"costs,":[98],"respectively":[99],"(U.S.":[100],"Prevention,":[106],"2013).":[107],"Despite":[108],"potential":[110,697,754,1108],"new":[112,265,359,372,908,933,1035,1052,1112],"products":[114,267,293],"reduce":[116,1106],"social":[118,151,259,284,755,775,789,833,848,878,904,930,1030],"burden":[119],"associated":[120,286,353,1003],"infections,":[123,387,393],"some":[124],"large":[127],"companies":[128],"have":[129,143,164,438,695],"been":[130,165,439],"exiting":[131],"markets":[133],"vaccines":[138],"years":[141],"also":[144,401,1039,1055],"failed":[145],"respond":[147,813],"possible":[150,252],"value":[152,410,490,641,663,701,756,905,931],"opportunities":[154],"production":[156,1084,1118],"rapid":[158,373,934],"diagnostic":[159,375,936],"products.":[160,182,199],"These":[161],"market":[162,253,590,603,1109],"exits":[163],"driven":[166],"by":[167,203,234,857,1100],"basic":[170,679],"reasons:":[172],"insufficient":[173],"return":[174],"capital":[176],"invested":[177],"development":[179,196,263,468,968,977],"these":[181,740,758,847],"Consequently,":[183],"governments":[184],"across":[185,777,861],"globe":[187],"looking":[189],"identify":[191,378,939],"ways":[192],"stimulate":[194,975],"This":[200],"study,":[201],"conducted":[202],"Eastern":[204],"Research":[205],"Group,":[206],"Inc.":[207],"(ERG)":[208],"under":[209,273],"contract":[210],"U.S.":[213],"Department":[214],"Health":[216],"Human":[218],"Services":[219],"(HHS),":[220],"Office":[221],"Assistant":[224],"Secretary":[225],"Planning":[227],"Evaluation":[229],"(ASPE)":[230],"partly":[232],"funded":[233],"FDA,":[235],"develops":[236],"an":[237],"analytical":[238],"decision-tree":[239,896],"model":[240,277,604,800,1006],"framework":[241,897],"can":[243,384,718,724,945],"used":[245,816],"assess":[247,735],"impacts":[249],"different":[251,779,1005],"incentives":[254,430,609,630,971,988,1085],"on":[255,639,1044],"private":[257,282,409,534,662,700,741,763,855,889,902,928,962,1123],"returns":[260,285,535,1124],"product":[262,479],"(in":[268],"contrast":[269],"already":[272],"development).":[274],"Using":[275],"developed,":[278,898],"we":[279,485,637,690,751,765,899],"evaluate":[280],"following":[289,426],"types":[290,1080],"hypothetical":[296,422,1051],"developer":[297,423,493,646],"beginning":[300],"pre-clinical":[302,418,498,653,709,720,825],"research":[303,419,480,499,677,721,995],"phase:":[304],"-":[305,317,323,332,338,343,350,357,370,445,450,453,471],"oral":[309],"intravenous":[311],"(IV)":[312],"administration":[313],"treat;":[316],"Acute":[318,324],"bacterial":[319,325,335,354,365],"otitis":[320,366],"media":[321,367],"(ABOM);":[322],"skin":[326,328,390],"structure":[329],"(ABSSSI);":[331],"Community":[333],"acquired":[334],"pneumonia":[336,355],"(CABP);":[337],"Complicated":[339,344],"intra-abdominal":[340],"(CIAI);":[342],"urinary":[345],"tract":[346],"(CUTI);":[348],"Hospital":[351],"acquired/ventilator":[352],"(HABP/VABP).":[356],"A":[358,371],"vaccine":[360,910],"effective":[361],"preventing":[363],"acute":[364],"(ABOM),":[368],"point-of-care":[374,935],"methicillin-resistant":[379,940],"Staphylococcus":[380,941],"aureus":[381,942],"(MRSA)":[382,943],"cause":[385,946],"such":[388,693,1024,1065],"wound":[392],"pneumonia,":[394],"blood.\\nThe":[399],"study":[400,658],"considers":[402,659],"level":[404],"needed":[405],"reach":[407],"$100":[412,521,551,568,919,1127],"start":[416,497,651,707],"four":[427],"categories":[428],"encompass":[432],"majority":[434],"strategies":[436],"proposed":[440],"policy":[443],"literature:":[444],"Intellectual":[446],"property":[447],"(IP)":[448],"extensions;":[449],"Tax":[451],"incentives;":[452],"Modifications":[454],"clinical":[457,821],"trial":[458,822],"process":[459],"approval":[461],"standards":[462],"aimed":[463],"shortening":[465],"drug":[467,625,704,967,1037,1083],"process;":[469],"Private":[472],"grants,":[473],"awards,":[474],"prizes":[476],"development.\\nFor":[482],"drugs,":[484,750],"find":[486,766],"average":[489,729],"considering":[494,648],"whether":[495,649,986],"ranges":[500],"low":[503],"-$4.5":[505],"HABP/VABP":[508],"$37.4":[513],"CABP,":[516,868],"falling":[517],"short":[518,744],"threshold.":[523,570,1129],"However,":[524,636,689,997],"when":[525],"parameter":[526],"uncertainty":[527,1002],"considered,":[529,985],"lower":[531,548,844,875],"bound":[532,557],"potentially":[537],"range":[538,578,787],"-$23.5":[540],"(HABP/VABP)":[542,560],"-$15.8":[544],"(ABSSSI),":[546],"substantially":[547],"than":[549,852,882,917],"threshold,":[553],"upper":[556,886],"$126.7":[559],"$330.0":[562],"(CABP),":[564],"considerably":[565],"above":[566],"The":[571,1026],"primary":[572,781],"drivers":[573,782],"observed":[576,785],"wide":[577,770,786],"results":[580,791],"attributable":[582,793],"to,":[583,794],"order":[585,796],"importance,":[587,798],"total":[589,600],"size,":[591],"real":[593,831],"opportunity":[594],"capital,":[597],"time":[601,722],"parameters.":[605],"Value":[606],"developers":[612],"would":[613],"higher":[615,728,1117],"later":[617],"stages":[618],"development,":[620],"meaning":[621],"once":[623],"successfully":[626],"reaches":[627],"certain":[628],"milestones,":[629],"further":[632],"develop":[633],"it":[634,1015],"increase.":[635],"focus":[638],"point":[644,666],"stage.":[654],"Note":[655],"this":[657,687,991,1013,1096],"developer\u2019s":[661],"current":[669,961],"state":[670],"science.":[672],"Assessing":[673],"advancements":[674,694],"translational":[676],"pathogen":[680,716],"biology":[681,717],"were":[682],"outside":[683],"scope":[685,1011],"project.":[688],"note":[691,1058],"impact":[699],"studies.":[710],"For":[711],"example,":[712],"improved":[713],"understanding":[714],"cut":[719],"yield":[725],"compounds":[726],"efficacy":[730],"entering":[731],"human":[732],"trials.":[733],"To":[734],"extent":[737],"which":[739],"values":[742,776,849,879,890,965],"fall":[743],"societal":[747],"importance":[748],"estimate":[752,900],"drugs.":[760],"Similar":[761],"returns,":[764],"there":[768],"variation":[771],"estimated":[774,854,950],"indications.\\nThe":[780],"EPV":[790],"parameters":[801,1007],"percentage":[804],"disease":[806],"duration":[807],"patients":[809],"do":[811],"not":[812],"commonly":[815],"drugs;":[818],"phase":[819],"1":[820],"success":[823,827],"probability;":[824],"R&D":[826],"probability,":[828],"annual":[832],"rate":[834],"discount.\\nDespite":[836],"degree":[839,1000],"variability,":[841],"even":[842],"bounds":[845,876,887],"greater":[851,881,916],"ENPVs":[856],"orders":[858],"magnitude":[860],"all":[862],"indications.":[865],"Moreover,":[866],"CUTI,":[869],"HABP/VABP,":[871],"90":[873,884],"percent":[874,885],"same":[893],"indications.\\nUsing":[894],"ABOM":[909],"$515.1":[912],"(which":[914],"threshold)":[921],"$2.281":[923],"billion,":[924,956],"respectively.":[925],"Similarly,":[926],"$329.0":[952],"$22.1":[955],"respectively.\\nThe":[957],"gap":[958],"between":[959],"public":[964,994],"suggest":[969],"desirable":[973],"six":[983],"indications":[984],"through":[987],"described":[989],"report":[992],"investment.":[996],"given":[998],"limited":[1010],"project,":[1014],"difficult":[1017],"ascertain":[1019],"necessary":[1021],"levels":[1022,1093,1120],"incentives.":[1025],"size":[1027,1110],"benefits":[1031],"developing":[1033],"highly":[1040],"uncertain":[1041],"based":[1043],"improvement":[1046],"outcomes":[1048],"drug.\\nIt":[1053],"important":[1056],"simultaneous":[1060],"institution":[1061],"conservation":[1063],"mechanisms,":[1064],"education":[1067],"campaigns":[1068],"promote":[1070],"prudent":[1071],"use,":[1072],"other":[1074],"stewardship":[1075],"programs,":[1076],"along":[1077],"considered":[1086],"likely":[1088],"alter":[1090],"incentive":[1092,1119],"identified":[1094],"study.":[1097],"Conservation":[1098],"incentives,":[1099],"their":[1101],"very":[1102],"nature,":[1103],"tend":[1104],"thereby":[1115],"necessitating":[1116],"boost":[1122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}