{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2270376185","doi":null,"title":"Development of an eco- and material-efficient pellet production chain\u2014a chemical study","display_name":"Development of an eco- and material-efficient pellet production chain\u2014a chemical study","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2270376185","mag":"2270376185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2270376185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526201047.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078358418","display_name":"Matti Kuokkanen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matti Kuokkanen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078358418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95093402,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14256","display_name":"Wood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14256","display_name":"Wood Residue Utilization and Solid Biofuels","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.21699999272823334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12118","display_name":"Forest Biomass Utilization and Management","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-pellets","display_name":"wood pellets","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binders","display_name":"binders","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignosulfonate","display_name":"lignosulfonate","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potato-flour","display_name":"potato flour","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liming-agents","display_name":"liming agents","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-remediation","display_name":"soil remediation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertilizer","display_name":"soil fertilizer","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-construction","display_name":"road construction","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-dust-exposure","display_name":"wood dust exposure","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-and-explosion-risk","display_name":"fire and explosion risk","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pellet-quality","display_name":"pellet quality","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-hierarchy","display_name":"waste hierarchy","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/material-efficiency","display_name":"material efficiency","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6572602987289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.6248910427093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5624712705612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5374674201011658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527229","display_name":"Pellet","level":2,"score":0.5212124586105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.47494223713874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47409090399742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4496206045150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171534860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655870","display_name":"Environmentally friendly","level":2,"score":0.4450089633464813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.43491220474243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.43465226888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780308376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816713","display_name":"Sawdust","level":2,"score":0.4219423234462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3907092213630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2680184245109558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2262098789215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2270376185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jultika.oulu.fi/files/isbn9789526201047.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131351356","https://openalex.org/W1502855680","https://openalex.org/W1505046615","https://openalex.org/W1964282845","https://openalex.org/W1964643964","https://openalex.org/W1965721400","https://openalex.org/W1974211132","https://openalex.org/W1986607035","https://openalex.org/W1986916104","https://openalex.org/W1997014948","https://openalex.org/W2000615064","https://openalex.org/W2000844937","https://openalex.org/W2013131101","https://openalex.org/W2015124306","https://openalex.org/W2015657107","https://openalex.org/W2016049311","https://openalex.org/W2020271700","https://openalex.org/W2021123118","https://openalex.org/W2030165058","https://openalex.org/W2030261929","https://openalex.org/W2038042603","https://openalex.org/W2041243580","https://openalex.org/W2042493451","https://openalex.org/W2042601987","https://openalex.org/W2047518562","https://openalex.org/W2052393515","https://openalex.org/W2054067668","https://openalex.org/W2068292841","https://openalex.org/W2082408074","https://openalex.org/W2086463312","https://openalex.org/W2087187841","https://openalex.org/W2092487275","https://openalex.org/W2093609877","https://openalex.org/W2093928640","https://openalex.org/W2094983560","https://openalex.org/W2107347905","https://openalex.org/W2115483081","https://openalex.org/W2118717776","https://openalex.org/W2121603755","https://openalex.org/W2126460218","https://openalex.org/W2152238251","https://openalex.org/W2156428107","https://openalex.org/W2160443161","https://openalex.org/W2167901964","https://openalex.org/W2169071768","https://openalex.org/W2227177667","https://openalex.org/W2228240426","https://openalex.org/W2229098304","https://openalex.org/W2229233390","https://openalex.org/W2231216283","https://openalex.org/W2233305313","https://openalex.org/W2235855402","https://openalex.org/W2239322587","https://openalex.org/W2239567771","https://openalex.org/W2243831881","https://openalex.org/W2243954869","https://openalex.org/W2252866033","https://openalex.org/W2262714424","https://openalex.org/W2280791894","https://openalex.org/W2299826760","https://openalex.org/W2801349253","https://openalex.org/W4253298057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119698047","https://openalex.org/W2193715647","https://openalex.org/W6996936504","https://openalex.org/W1506887464","https://openalex.org/W4382046155","https://openalex.org/W2264126240","https://openalex.org/W2586830331","https://openalex.org/W53328828","https://openalex.org/W2778952339","https://openalex.org/W3048915135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,90,143,172,224,300],"the":[2,6,32,69,72,75,107,127,133,146,174,205,277,282,337,361,383,430,467],"EU\u2019s":[3],"strategy":[4,10],"and":[5,26,30,61,114,136,184,198,249,255,270,286,294,308,317,323,341,380,382,407,418,429],"corresponding":[7],"Finnish":[8,195],"national":[9,141],"on":[11,353],"waste":[12,17,36,62,95,419],"materials,":[13,426],"all":[14],"kinds":[15],"of":[16,35,56,78,94,122,130,148,163,168,176,186,191,208,227,241,279,284,339,363],"must":[18],"be":[19],"utilised":[20],"primarily":[21],"as":[22,28,81,83,138,140,200,258,260,325,396,403,415],"material":[23,46],"(reuse,":[24],"recycling)":[25],"secondarily":[27],"energy,":[29,150],"at":[31],"lowest":[33],"level":[34],"hierarchy":[37],"is":[38,48,171,298,433],"their":[39,343,354],"disposal":[40],"using":[41,266],"environmentally":[42],"friendly":[43],"methods.":[44,274],"Today":[45],"efficiency":[47],"an":[49,215,228],"essential":[50,460],"topic":[51],"in":[52,87,103,106,157,221,388,400,408,411,462,466],"promoting":[53],"sustainable":[54],"use":[55,301],"natural":[57],"resources,":[58],"industrial":[59,306],"by-products":[60,307],"material.":[63],"The":[64,166,236,330],"present":[65],"goal":[66],"proposed":[67],"by":[68,85,189],"EU":[70],"sets":[71],"target":[73],"for":[74,263],"total":[76,206],"proportion":[77,147],"renewable":[79,149],"energy":[80,125,463],"high":[82,123],"38%":[84],"2020":[86],"Finland.":[88],"Up":[89],"20":[91],"million":[92],"tonnes":[93],"wood":[96,196],"biomass":[97,445],"per":[98],"year":[99],"are":[100,386],"left":[101],"unused":[102],"Finland,":[104],"mainly":[105],"forests":[108],"during":[109],"forestry":[110],"operations,":[111],"because":[112],"supply":[113],"demand":[115],"do":[116],"not":[117,348],"meet.":[118],"As":[119],"a":[120,154,201,209,350,371,397,404,449],"consequence":[121],"heat":[124,245,356],"prices,":[126],"looming":[128],"threat":[129],"climate":[131],"change,":[132],"greenhouse":[134],"effect":[135,352],"global":[137],"well":[139,259],"demands":[142],"considerably":[144],"increase":[145],"Finland":[151],"currently":[152],"has":[153,394,447],"tremendous":[155],"interest":[156],"increasing":[158],"decentralised":[159],"pellet":[160,182,187,211,233,264,392,455],"production":[161,183,234,285,456],"alongside":[162],"large-scale":[164],"factories.":[165],"aim":[167],"this":[169,222,389],"thesis":[170],"promote":[173,225],"development":[175,226],"eco-,":[177,229],"materialand":[178,230],"cost-efficient":[179,231,450],"Nordic":[180],"wood-based":[181,232],"utilisation":[185],"bio-ash":[188],"means":[190],"chemical":[192,217,237],"research.":[193],"Using":[194],"(sawdust":[197],"shavings)":[199],"model":[202,326],"raw":[203,425],"material,":[204],"functionality":[207],"pilot-scale":[210],"facility":[212],"combined":[213],"with":[214],"extensive":[216],"toolbox":[218,238],"was":[219,378],"tested":[220,324],"study":[223],"chain.":[235],"includes":[239],"measurements":[240],"moisture":[242],"content,":[243],"density,":[244],"value,":[246],"mechanical":[247],"durability":[248],"particle":[250],"size":[251],"distribution,":[252],"TG":[253],"analysis":[254],"elementary":[256],"analysis,":[257],"new":[261,372,412],"applications":[262,413],"biodegradation":[265],"BOD":[267],"OxiTop":[268],"equipment":[269],"optical":[271,374],"microscopic":[272,375],"staining":[273,376],"To":[275,365],"improve":[276],"quality":[278,338],"pellets,":[280],"considering":[281],"profitability":[283],"occupational":[287],"safety":[288],"factors":[289],"(wood":[290],"dust":[291],"exposure,":[292],"fire":[293],"explosion":[295],"risk),":[296],"it":[297],"profitable":[299],"different":[302,367],"binding":[303,328,334,369,427],"agents,":[304,370],"especially":[305,465],"locally":[309],"utilisable":[310],"residuals.":[311],"Thus,":[312],"lignosulphonate,":[313],"residual":[314],"potato":[315,318],"flour":[316],"peel":[319],"residue":[320],"were":[321],"used":[322],"adhesive":[327],"agents.":[329],"results":[331,385],"showed":[332],"that":[333,446],"agents":[335,428],"increased":[336,360],"pellets":[340],"changed":[342],"inorganic":[344],"characteristics,":[345],"but":[346],"did":[347],"have":[349,458],"significant":[351],"calorimetric":[355],"values.":[357],"Lignosulphonate":[358],"even":[359],"rate":[362],"production.":[364],"characterise":[366],"starch-containing":[368],"specific":[373],"method":[377],"developed":[379],"tested,":[381],"initial":[384],"presented":[387],"thesis.":[390],"Wood":[391],"ash":[393],"potential":[395],"liming":[398],"agent,":[399],"soil":[401,405],"remediation,":[402],"fertilizer,":[406],"granulated":[409],"form,":[410],"such":[414],"road":[416],"construction":[417],"water":[420],"purification.":[421],"Valuable":[422],"information":[423],"about":[424],"pelletizing":[431],"process":[432],"necessary":[434],"when":[435],"developing":[436],"good-quality":[437],"pellets\u2014a":[438],"prime":[439],"biofuel\u2014from":[440],"non-utilised":[441],"low-value":[442],"and/or":[443],"moist":[444],"undergone":[448],"drying":[451],"process.":[452],"This":[453],"way":[454],"will":[457],"more":[459],"importance":[461],"policy,":[464],"European":[468],"forest":[469],"belt.":[470]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}