{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2269617140","doi":null,"title":"Combating Social Loafing Performance Reductions in Virtual Groups With Increased Cohesion, Reduced Deindividuation, and Heightened Evaluation Potential Through Self-Disclosure.","display_name":"Combating Social Loafing Performance Reductions in Virtual Groups With Increased Cohesion, Reduced Deindividuation, and Heightened Evaluation Potential Through Self-Disclosure.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2269617140","mag":"2269617140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/24078371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","pdf_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015074294","display_name":"Matthew Howard Hagen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Howard Hagen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015074294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-loafing","display_name":"social loafing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-teams","display_name":"virtual teams","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-disclosure","display_name":"self-disclosure","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-cohesion","display_name":"group cohesion","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deindividuation","display_name":"deindividuation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-apprehension","display_name":"evaluation apprehension","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-performance","display_name":"group performance","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-work","display_name":"online labour","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-morale","display_name":"team morale","score":0.4909999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25630884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918581","display_name":"Social loafing","level":2,"score":0.9036344289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6659239530563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6423503160476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.527216911315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5191189646720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14641543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553270","display_name":"Group cohesiveness","level":2,"score":0.49898386001586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.43062523007392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/24078371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","pdf_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2269617140","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/24078371/HAGEN-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/24078371","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","pdf_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:24078371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis or Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2269617140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2269617140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50276466","https://openalex.org/W73249632","https://openalex.org/W280178227","https://openalex.org/W405376104","https://openalex.org/W1533368057","https://openalex.org/W1887964395","https://openalex.org/W1972362170","https://openalex.org/W1973209583","https://openalex.org/W1975912940","https://openalex.org/W1980494122","https://openalex.org/W1987183139","https://openalex.org/W2001253251","https://openalex.org/W2006516498","https://openalex.org/W2006674865","https://openalex.org/W2012172718","https://openalex.org/W2017761800","https://openalex.org/W2020513728","https://openalex.org/W2023909842","https://openalex.org/W2032368141","https://openalex.org/W2037438594","https://openalex.org/W2053154341","https://openalex.org/W2055164159","https://openalex.org/W2064725105","https://openalex.org/W2075821193","https://openalex.org/W2076042687","https://openalex.org/W2077714584","https://openalex.org/W2090449697","https://openalex.org/W2098218790","https://openalex.org/W2098940738","https://openalex.org/W2104713746","https://openalex.org/W2106921439","https://openalex.org/W2109410415","https://openalex.org/W2115310914","https://openalex.org/W2116812335","https://openalex.org/W2121543743","https://openalex.org/W2122089286","https://openalex.org/W2126311339","https://openalex.org/W2155103649","https://openalex.org/W2155218283","https://openalex.org/W2157220499","https://openalex.org/W2169106160","https://openalex.org/W2169416516","https://openalex.org/W2728872416","https://openalex.org/W2890840223","https://openalex.org/W4234310415","https://openalex.org/W4236647735","https://openalex.org/W4239236218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100306900","https://openalex.org/W2032368141","https://openalex.org/W1531179044","https://openalex.org/W620848993","https://openalex.org/W1505368895","https://openalex.org/W653767803","https://openalex.org/W6887718907","https://openalex.org/W3198602618","https://openalex.org/W2006674865","https://openalex.org/W1970889680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"100":[1],"years":[2],"of":[3,60,96,112,127,135,170,177,197,221,228,245,297,316,358,380,382,387,390,401,411,418,430,434,439,455,461,499,542,551,588],"research":[4],"have":[5],"shown":[6],"that":[7,17,27,106,352,403],"social":[8,39],"loafing":[9,40],"is":[10,25,51,158,573],"a":[11,113,132,243,246,531,561,586,590],"real":[12],"and":[13,33,85,90,103,130,167,175,179,226,301,366,496,593],"material":[14,203],"psychological":[15],"phenomenon":[16],"reduces":[18],"performance":[19,204,466,503],"among":[20,223,230,479],"humans":[21],"in":[22,41,99,147,173,181,189,255,295,314,363,463,469,569],"groups.":[23,92],"It":[24],"known":[26],"increasing":[28],"evaluation":[29,165],"potential,":[30,166],"decreasing":[31],"deindividuation,":[32],"cohesion":[34,185],"all":[35,188],"lead":[36],"to":[37,65,122,140,234,257,259,273,334,408,448,516,533],"reduced":[38,155],"physical":[42],"environments.":[43],"What":[44],"has":[45],"not":[46,54,184],"yet":[47],"been":[48],"well":[49],"researched":[50],"whether":[52],"or":[53],"the":[55,70,109,117,124,190,207,263,298,359,364,377,388,393,395,404,424,459,470,502,510,519,539,549,570,580,596],"findings":[56],"associated":[57],"with":[58,160,458,599],"many":[59],"these":[61],"variables":[62],"also":[63],"apply":[64],"virtualized":[66],"working":[67,320,336,361,535],"environments.\\n\\n\\n\\n":[68],"In":[69],"present":[71],"study,":[72],"200":[73],"individuals":[74],"were":[75,86,104,108,120,187,238,242,489],"recruited":[76],"through":[77],"Amazon":[78,338,353],"Mechanical":[79,339,354],"Turk":[80,355],"(an":[81],"online":[82],"work":[83,555],"community)":[84],"split":[87],"into":[88],"experimental":[89,118,144,224,264,302,405,528],"control":[91,231,235,422],"While":[93],"both":[94],"sets":[95],"participants":[97,145,225,406,423,529],"engaged":[98],"identical":[100],"alphabetization":[101,217],"tasks":[102,300],"informed":[105],"they":[107,152,241],"final":[110],"member":[111,244],"five-person":[114],"team,":[115],"only":[116,239,589],"subjects":[119,210,236,303],"asked":[121],"read":[123],"short":[125,133],"biographies":[126],"their":[128,138,600],"teammates":[129,139,601],"write":[131],"biography":[134],"themselves":[136],"for":[137,399,428,486,518],"read.":[141],"By":[142],"having":[143],"engage":[146],"self-disclosure":[148],"it":[149],"was":[150,293,356,413,436,477,514,584,602],"expected":[151,191,571],"would":[153,467],"experience":[154],"deindividuation":[156],"(which":[157],"common":[159],"virtual":[161],"teams),":[162],"increased":[163,168],"perceived":[164,597],"feelings":[169,315],"cohesion.\\n\\n\\n\\n":[171],"Differences":[172],"quantity":[174],"quality":[176],"performance,":[178],"differences":[180,462],"morale":[182],"(although":[183],"itself),":[186],"direction,":[192,572],"though":[193],"none":[194],"achieved":[195],"levels":[196,454],"statistical":[198,450,543,552],"significance":[199,451,544],"driven":[200],"largely":[201],"by":[202],"variances":[205],"within":[206,392,574],"datasets.":[208],"Experimental":[209],"produced,":[211],"on":[212,268,331,337,350,376,415,536],"average,":[213,269],"1.9%":[214],"additional":[215,493],"correct":[216],"groupings":[218,402,432],"(averaging":[219],"16.64":[220],"50":[222,229],"16.33":[227],"participants)":[232],"compared":[233],"who":[237],"aware":[240],"team":[247],"(F(1,":[248,307,324,343,369],"164)":[249,279],"=":[250,280,309,326,345,371,546],".04,":[251,346],"p":[252,282,311,328,347,373],">.05).":[253],"Furthermore,":[254,473],"addition":[256],"attempting":[258],"alphabetize":[260,409],"more":[261,271],"groups,":[262],"subjects\u2019":[265],"answers":[266],"were,":[267],"0.38%":[270],"likely":[272],"be":[274,335,534,557],"alphabetized":[275],"correctly":[276],"(F":[277],"(1,":[278],".03,":[281],">":[283,312,329,348,374],".05).\\n\\nThe":[284],"Perceived":[285],"Cohesion":[286],"Scale":[287],"(PCS)":[288],"(Bollen":[289],"&":[290],"Hoyle,":[291],"1990)":[292],"included":[294],"160":[296],"participants\u2019":[299],"scored":[304],"2.3%":[305,367],"higher":[306,323,342,368],"122)":[308,325,344,370],".209,":[310],".05)":[313,330,349,375],"\u201cbeing":[317],"enthusiastic":[318],"about":[319],"online\u201d,":[321],"3.0%":[322],".49,":[327],"being":[332],"\u201chappy":[333],"Turk\u201d,":[340],"1.4%":[341],"believing":[351],"\u201cone":[357],"best":[360],"communities":[362],"world\u201d,":[365],".22,":[372],"entire":[378],"category":[379,482,525],"\u201cFeelings":[381],"Morale\u201d.\\n\\n\\n\\n":[383],"As":[384],"an":[385,416,607],"example":[386],"level":[389,460],"variance":[391],"data,":[394],"standard":[396,425],"deviation":[397,426],"(SD)":[398,427],"number":[400,429],"attempted":[407,431],"(out":[410,433],"50)":[412,435],"11.57":[414],"average":[417,441],"19.84":[419],"attempts.":[420,443],"For":[421],"11.31":[437],"out":[438],"19.39":[440],"completed":[442],"The":[444],"sample":[445,464],"size":[446],"required":[447],"achieve":[449],"at":[452,567],"those":[453],"SD":[456],"paired":[457],"mean":[465],"measure":[468],"thousands.":[471],"\\n\\n\\n\\n":[472],"while":[474,484],"some":[475],"heteroskedasticity":[476,520],"discovered":[478],"pilot":[480,512],"PCS-statement":[481],"data":[483,504,513],"testing":[485],"homogeneity":[487],"(and":[488],"subsequently":[490],"analyzed":[491],"using":[492],"robust":[494],"Welch":[495],"Forsythe":[497],"equality":[498],"means":[500],"testing),":[501],"overall":[505],"passed":[506],"Levene\u2019s":[507],"test.":[508],"Once":[509],"heteroskedastic":[511],"tested":[515],"accommodate":[517],"within,":[521],"one":[522],"PCS":[523],"statement":[524],"(HTB,":[526],"where":[527],"expressed":[530],"happiness":[532],"AMT)":[537],"approached":[538],".05":[540],"alpha":[541],"(p":[545],".08).\\n\\n\\n\\n":[547],"Despite":[548],"lack":[550],"significance,":[553],"this":[554],"should":[556],"considered":[558],"valuable":[559],"as":[560],"reference":[562],"point.":[563],"Finding":[564],"any":[565],"difference":[566],"all,":[568],"itself":[575],"notable":[576],"given":[577],"how":[578,594],"tiny":[579],"actual":[581],"cohesion-inducing":[582],"treatment":[583],"(i.e.,":[585,603],"self-statement":[587],"few":[591],"lines)":[592],"short-term":[595],"association":[598],"less":[604],"than":[605],"half":[606],"hour).":[608]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
