{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2269348489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","title":"Impacts of climate change on marginal nights for road salting","display_name":"Impacts of climate change on marginal nights for road salting","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2269348489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","mag":"2269348489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1680/jtran.14.00037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171274","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","issn_l":"0965-092X","issn":["0965-092X","1751-7710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322764898","host_organization_name":"Thomas Telford Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322764898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thomas Telford Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert T. McSweeney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094877","display_name":"AtkinsR\u00e9alis (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qcr4910","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802429487","https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert T. McSweeney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK (now at The Carbon Brief, London, UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK (now at The Carbon Brief, London, UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102922259","display_name":"James E. Tomlinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-5735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-5735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094877","display_name":"AtkinsR\u00e9alis (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qcr4910","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802429487","https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James E. Tomlinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074412037","display_name":"Geoff J. C. Darch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-5995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-5995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094877","display_name":"AtkinsR\u00e9alis (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qcr4910","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802429487","https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geoff J. C. Darch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK (Corresponding author: )"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK (Corresponding author: )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041787624","display_name":"J. B. Parker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094877","display_name":"AtkinsR\u00e9alis (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qcr4910","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802429487","https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanne Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atkins Limited, Water & Environment, Peterborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033222646","display_name":"T. M. Holland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800944796","display_name":"Highways England","ror":"https://ror.org/015e5sp16","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800944796","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I3144123604"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Highways England, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Highways England, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800944796"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074412037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66251595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"169","issue":"2","first_page":"65","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.43309998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.43309998512268066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.22779999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.1526000052690506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-salting","display_name":"road salting","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety","display_name":"road safety","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freezing-point","display_name":"freezing point","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-projections","display_name":"temperature projections","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highway-maintenance-costs","display_name":"highway maintenance costs","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-generator","display_name":"weather generator","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.34200000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7020167708396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6855242252349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.630922794342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4862052798271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47083568572998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4674822688102722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66887028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382444","display_name":"Marginal cost","level":2,"score":0.43184131383895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28743037581443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17810675501823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09749588370323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06786254048347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1680/jtran.14.00037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.14.00037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171274","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","issn_l":"0965-092X","issn":["0965-092X","1751-7710"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322764898","host_organization_name":"Thomas Telford Ltd.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322764898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thomas Telford Ltd."],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603138012","https://openalex.org/W1964215189","https://openalex.org/W1972419502","https://openalex.org/W1991360840","https://openalex.org/W2023941158","https://openalex.org/W2058655661","https://openalex.org/W2098781116","https://openalex.org/W2128125855","https://openalex.org/W2165834026","https://openalex.org/W4309897738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243184722","https://openalex.org/W615496714","https://openalex.org/W2147082709","https://openalex.org/W2132535348","https://openalex.org/W605415267","https://openalex.org/W1589870948","https://openalex.org/W2022512871","https://openalex.org/W7061523681","https://openalex.org/W239398475","https://openalex.org/W3005258272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spreading":[0],"salt":[1],"on":[2],"roads":[3,184],"costs":[4],"UK":[5,96],"highways":[6],"authorities":[7],"millions":[8],"of":[9,21,79,107,126,136,144],"pounds":[10],"each":[11],"year.":[12],"As":[13],"temperatures":[14,25],"rise":[15],"under":[16,132,173],"climate":[17,71],"change,":[18],"the":[19,77,88,95,111,123,133,137,149,160,164],"number":[20,78,125],"nights":[22,40,81,109,128,152],"with":[23],"freezing":[24],"are":[26,102],"projected":[27,74],"to":[28,43,60,75,104,185],"fall,":[29],"potentially":[30],"reducing":[31],"salting":[32,62],"costs.":[33],"However,":[34],"this":[35],"may":[36],"also":[37],"mean":[38],"more":[39],"drop":[41],"close":[42],"freezing,":[44],"rather":[45],"than":[46],"falling":[47],"comfortably":[48],"below":[49],"zero.":[50],"These":[51],"\u2018marginal":[52],"nights\u2019":[53],"often":[54],"require":[55,183],"a":[56,120,169,174],"judgement":[57],"call":[58],"as":[59,168],"whether":[61],"is":[63,73],"required.":[64],"The":[65,117,141],"analysis":[66],"presented":[67],"here":[68],"considers":[69],"how":[70],"change":[72],"affect":[76],"marginal":[80,108,127,151],"at":[82],"nine":[83],"locations":[84,131],"in":[85,87,110,122,157],"England":[86],"near-term":[89],"(2020s).":[90],"Synthetic":[91],"temperature":[92],"timeseries":[93],"from":[94],"Climate":[97],"Projections":[98],"2009":[99],"weather":[100],"generator":[101],"used":[103],"calculate":[105],"frequencies":[106],"current":[112],"and":[113,156],"potential":[114],"future":[115],"climate.":[116],"results":[118,145],"show":[119],"reduction":[121],"average":[124],"for":[129],"all":[130],"median":[134],"estimate":[135],"medium":[138],"emissions":[139],"scenario.":[140],"full":[142],"range":[143],"shows":[146],"that,":[147,171],"despite":[148],"reduction,":[150],"will":[153,162,178],"still":[154],"occur,":[155],"some":[158],"years":[159],"frequency":[161],"exceed":[163],"baseline.":[165],"This":[166],"serves":[167],"reminder":[170],"even":[172],"warmer":[175],"climate,":[176],"there":[177],"be":[179,186],"cold":[180],"periods":[181],"that":[182],"salted.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}