{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2269147253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","title":"The Machine Process in Agriculture and Industry","display_name":"The Machine Process in Agriculture and Industry","publication_year":1950,"publication_date":"1950-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2269147253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","mag":"2269147253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1233164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189675","display_name":"Journal of Farm Economics","issn_l":"1071-1031","issn":["1071-1031","2163-6257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Farm Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053853880","display_name":"John M. Brewster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John M. Brewster","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053853880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30526316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12348","display_name":"Rural Development and Agriculture","score":0.08169999718666077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-mechanization","display_name":"agricultural mechanization","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-production","display_name":"machine production","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-farms","display_name":"family farms","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-size","display_name":"farm size","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-industrialization","display_name":"agricultural industrialization","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-organization","display_name":"farm organization","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.650747537612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6472231149673462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4270905554294586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.4141443371772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3014197051525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24080824851989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07345196604728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.04577040672302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1233164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1233164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189675","display_name":"Journal of Farm Economics","issn_l":"1071-1031","issn":["1071-1031","2163-6257"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Farm Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:32:y:1950:i:1:p:69-81.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1233164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6735000014305115,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145694168","https://openalex.org/W2547594424","https://openalex.org/W2560823879","https://openalex.org/W579488151","https://openalex.org/W2493316284","https://openalex.org/W1686124686","https://openalex.org/W1496260593","https://openalex.org/W311435032","https://openalex.org/W7112443434","https://openalex.org/W6929760121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"T":[0],"HAS":[1],"been":[2],"said":[3],"that":[4],"because":[5],"of":[6,30,67,105,121,128],"mechanization,":[7],"A":[8],"family":[9,19,41,85],"farm":[10],"in":[11,21,34,48,60,64,70,73,108,114,135,139],"agriculture":[12,49,71,136],"makes":[13],"as":[14,17,46,52],"little":[15],"sense":[16],"a":[18],"factory":[20],"industry.":[22],"Is":[23],"this":[24,80],"so?":[25],"Evidently":[26],"not.":[27],"Family":[28],"units":[29,44],"production":[31,69],"are":[32,45,84,100],"unthinkable":[33],"car":[35],"and":[36,42,72,86,113,123],"steel":[37],"manufacture,":[38],"but":[39,137],"both":[40,89,111],"larger-than-family":[43,87],"common":[47],"after":[50],"mechanization":[51],"before.":[53],"Why?":[54],"Does":[55],"not":[56],"the":[57,65,103,115,126,129],"reason":[58],"lie":[59],"some":[61],"profound":[62],"difference":[63,81],"nature":[66],"machine":[68,95,130],"industry?":[74,140],"On":[75],"what":[76],"physical":[77],"foundations":[78],"does":[79,125],"rest?":[82],"Why":[83],"farms":[88],"compatible":[90],"with":[91],"either":[92],"hand":[93],"or":[94],"technology?":[96],"What":[97,118],"non-technological":[98],"factors":[99],"responsible":[101],"for":[102],"dominance":[104],"each":[106],"system":[107],"different":[109],"regions,":[110],"now":[112],"pre-machine":[116],"era?":[117],"important":[119],"habits":[120],"life":[122],"thought":[124],"advent":[127],"process":[131],"tend":[132],"to":[133],"conserve":[134],"replace":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}