{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2268412136","doi":null,"title":"Increasing the Early Retirement Age Under Social Security: Health, Work, and Financial Resources","display_name":"Increasing the Early Retirement Age Under Social Security: Health, Work, and Financial Resources","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2268412136","mag":"2268412136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2268412136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=555627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=555627","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043063360","display_name":"Michael V. Leonesio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292585137","display_name":"United States Social Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04b7xxn32","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292585137"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael V. Leonesio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Security Administration - Office of Research, Evaluation and Statistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Security Administration - Office of Research, Evaluation and Statistics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292585137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019156993","display_name":"Denton R. Vaughan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333512998","display_name":"United States Census Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qn7cs15","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333512998","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denton R. Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Census Bureau"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Census Bureau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333512998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013697441","display_name":"Bernard Wixon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292585137","display_name":"United States Social Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04b7xxn32","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292585137"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Wixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Social Security Administration"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Social Security Administration","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292585137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11631","display_name":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security","display_name":"social security","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-retirement","display_name":"early retirement","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retirement-age","display_name":"retirement age","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-benefits","display_name":"disability benefits","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-security-disability-insurance","display_name":"Social Security Disability Insurance","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplemental-security-income","display_name":"Supplemental Security Income","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-workers","display_name":"older workers","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-status","display_name":"health status","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-disability","display_name":"work disability","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-assets","display_name":"financial assets","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance","display_name":"health insurance","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/means-tested-programs","display_name":"means-tested benefits","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifetime-earnings","display_name":"lifetime earnings","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.8119533061981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7209038734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118291","display_name":"Disability insurance","level":3,"score":0.7137829661369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780176501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690755","display_name":"Health and Retirement Study","level":2,"score":0.6833193898200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779183276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281188","display_name":"Disability benefits","level":3,"score":0.631864070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.546059787273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5161896347999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3571522831916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35213977098464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.34507036209106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.31404829025268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24638986587524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22798356413841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2268412136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=555627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2268412136","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=555627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W329260251","https://openalex.org/W1230441771","https://openalex.org/W1560180140","https://openalex.org/W2069130226","https://openalex.org/W2102753338","https://openalex.org/W2441855806","https://openalex.org/W2991993242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W329260251","https://openalex.org/W347033068","https://openalex.org/W1517128148","https://openalex.org/W7098598029","https://openalex.org/W2102753338","https://openalex.org/W2269188770","https://openalex.org/W3121903608","https://openalex.org/W7096597727","https://openalex.org/W3124761275","https://openalex.org/W2150712535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Policies":[0],"that":[1,77,205],"would":[2],"reduce":[3],"or":[4,140,200],"eliminate":[5],"Social":[6,37,104,135,206],"Security":[7,38,105,136,142,207],"benefits":[8,39,193,197,210],"for":[9,16,133,175,219],"early":[10,51,88,123,191,208,221],"retirees":[11,52,124],"could":[12],"have":[13,55,74,92,96,107,116],"adverse":[14],"consequences":[15],"older":[17],"workers":[18],"in":[19],"poor":[20],"health.":[21],"This":[22],"Brief":[23],"documents":[24],"the":[25,129,166],"health":[26,58,66,75,94,117],"and":[27,44,111,171],"financial":[28,109,173],"status":[29],"of":[30,49,65,122,146,168],"people":[31],"aged":[32],"62-64":[33,183],"who":[34,91],"receive":[35,150,190,195],"reduced":[36],"as":[40,181,187,194,212],"retired":[41],"workers,":[42],"spouses,":[43],"widowed":[45],"spouses.":[46],"Although":[47],"most":[48],"these":[50],"do":[53,148],"not":[54,149,164],"a":[56,213],"serious":[57],"condition,":[59],"almost":[60],"half":[61],"report":[62],"some":[63,220],"type":[64],"problem.":[67],"About":[68,119,180],"25":[69],"percent":[70,121],"are":[71,100,112,125],"estimated":[72,126],"to":[73,82,86,115,127,158],"problems":[76,95],"substantially":[78],"impair":[79],"their":[80],"ability":[81],"work.":[83],"When":[84],"compared":[85],"other":[87],"retirees,":[89],"those":[90],"severe":[93],"lower":[97],"lifetime":[98],"earnings,":[99],"more":[101],"reliant":[102],"on":[103],"benefits,":[106],"fewer":[108],"assets,":[110],"less":[113],"likely":[114],"insurance.":[118],"12":[120],"meet":[128,165],"strict":[130],"disability":[131,178,196,217],"criteria":[132],"receiving":[134],"Disability":[137],"Insurance":[138],"(DI)":[139],"Supplemental":[141],"Income":[143],"(SSI).":[144],"Many":[145],"them":[147],"DI":[151,199],"because":[152],"they":[153],"lack":[154],"sufficient":[155],"work":[156],"histories":[157],"qualify.":[159],"Another":[160],"larger":[161],"subgroup":[162],"does":[163],"test":[167],"low":[169],"income":[170],"limited":[172],"assets":[174],"means-tested":[176],"SSI":[177],"benefits.":[179],"many":[182],"year":[184],"olds":[185],"classified":[186],"severely":[188],"disabled":[189],"retirement":[192,209],"from":[198],"SSI.":[201],"The":[202],"evidence":[203],"suggests":[204],"serve":[211],"substantial,":[214],"albeit":[215],"unofficial,":[216],"program":[218],"retirees.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:32:53.992493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}