{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2268217877","doi":null,"title":"Effect of handwashing on the incidence of diarrhoea in a Calcutta slum.","display_name":"Effect of handwashing on the incidence of diarrhoea in a Calcutta slum.","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2268217877","mag":"2268217877","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3450726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3450726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3450726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003429374","display_name":"B K Sircar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B K Sircar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064029368","display_name":"P G Sengupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P G Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S K Mondal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S K Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088795927","display_name":"D N Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D N Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110979138","display_name":"N. Saha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N C Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740169","display_name":"Subrata K. Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-7797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-7797"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109330828","display_name":"B. C. Deb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1208-9514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1208-9514"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B C Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015485203","display_name":"Sangita Pal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-841X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-841X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S C Pal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63829186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"112","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10596","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Water Access","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing","display_name":"hand washing","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrheal-disease","display_name":"diarrheal disease","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysentery","display_name":"dysentery","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slums","display_name":"slums","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kolkata","display_name":"Kolkata","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hand-hygiene","display_name":"hand hygiene","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soap","display_name":"soap","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-transmission","display_name":"disease transmission","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-intervention","display_name":"community-based intervention","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778631157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201759","display_name":"Slum","level":3,"score":0.7990766167640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7977835536003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7509573101997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911096278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrheal diseases","level":3,"score":0.7125627994537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.702987790107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6619983911514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780708024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129279","display_name":"Dysentery","level":2,"score":0.5773200988769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547646559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162297","display_name":"Hygiene","level":2,"score":0.554917573928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020710733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrheal disease","level":3,"score":0.5260539054870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018740360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhoeal disease","level":3,"score":0.4662766754627228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.46152937412261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3480353057384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2817798852920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1275898814201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004403","descriptor_name":"Dysentery","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006235","descriptor_name":"Hand Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007194","descriptor_name":"India","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011204","descriptor_name":"Poverty Areas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3450726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3450726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2268217877","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3450726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999061701","https://openalex.org/W2049556295","https://openalex.org/W2070543037","https://openalex.org/W2113804351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066770519","https://openalex.org/W163284722","https://openalex.org/W2172299905","https://openalex.org/W2165965969","https://openalex.org/W7099154695","https://openalex.org/W4211014524","https://openalex.org/W3136610904","https://openalex.org/W1910770017","https://openalex.org/W2957905577","https://openalex.org/W1817922656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diarrheal":[0],"diseases":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3,21,45],"major":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,51,124,162],"the":[7,30,53,58,73,89,94,104,116,127,144,150,157,163],"health":[8],"of":[9,26,32,55,60,85,106,113,134,146,154,156],"people":[10],"living":[11],"in":[12,28,34,63,69,108,115,126,149],"developing":[13],"countries,":[14],"particularly":[15],"where":[16],"there":[17],"is":[18,44],"poverty":[19],"and":[20,72,96],"poor":[22],"environment.":[23],"The":[24,41,83,132],"effect":[25,54],"handwashing":[27,56,78,139],"reducing":[29],"incidence":[31,59,84,105,145],"diarrhea":[33,87],"day-care":[35],"centers":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"reported":[39],"recently.":[40],"present":[42],"study":[43,49,95,128,136],"prospective":[46],"community":[47,151],"based":[48],"conducted":[50],"evaluate":[52],"on":[57],"diarrheal":[61],"disease":[62],"Calcutta":[64],"slums.":[65],"Handwashing":[66],"was":[67,99,119],"implemented":[68],"1":[70,160],"slum":[71],"other":[74],"nearby":[75],"slum,":[76],"without":[77],"program,":[79],"served":[80],"as":[81,122],"control.":[82],"watery":[86],"during":[88],"13":[90],"month":[91],"period,":[92],"between":[93],"control":[97,117],"groups":[98],"not":[100],"significantly":[101,120],"different.":[102],"However,":[103],"dysentery":[107],"individuals":[109],"above":[110],"5":[111],"years":[112],"age":[114],"group":[118,129],"higher":[121],"compared":[123],"those":[125],"(p":[130],"0.05).":[131],"results":[133],"this":[135],"indicate":[137],"that":[138],"with":[140],"soap":[141],"may":[142],"reduce":[143],"dysenteric":[147],"cases":[148],"by":[152],"interruption":[153],"transmission":[155],"pathogens":[158],"from":[159],"person":[161],"other.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}