{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2267924741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29930/hjh.200307.0002","title":"John Muir and His Wilderness Ethic","display_name":"John Muir and His Wilderness Ethic","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2267924741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29930/hjh.200307.0002","mag":"2267924741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2267924741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29930/hjh.200307.0002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=18124305-200307-201008210066-201008210066-23-35","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086315110","display_name":"Li-Lu Ru","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li-Lu Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086315110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12819","display_name":"Environmental Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.48660001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12819","display_name":"Environmental Philosophy and Ethics","score":0.48660001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12457","display_name":"Ecocriticism and Environmental Literature","score":0.38179999589920044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12837","display_name":"American Environmental and Regional History","score":0.11739999800920486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-muir","display_name":"John Muir","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wilderness-ethics","display_name":"wilderness ethics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-environmentalism","display_name":"American environmentalism","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-writing","display_name":"nature writing","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropocentrism","display_name":"anthropocentrism","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"interdependence","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-ecology","display_name":"deep ecology","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christianity","display_name":"Christianity","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-capitalism","display_name":"industrial capitalism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rights-of-nature","display_name":"rights of nature","score":0.6909999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778677346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911871","display_name":"Wilderness","level":2,"score":0.9771702289581299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7807463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191624","display_name":"Anthropocentrism","level":2,"score":0.7575168013572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546784017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188958","display_name":"Egalitarianism","level":3,"score":0.6871687173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.6859586834907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.6561630964279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.47388356924057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.33151715993881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31100982427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22971555590629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21891048550605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07394787669181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2267924741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29930/hjh.200307.0002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=18124305-200307-201008210066-201008210066-23-35","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2217095291","https://openalex.org/W1998314149","https://openalex.org/W2989259040","https://openalex.org/W2051351309","https://openalex.org/W196256543","https://openalex.org/W2080951438","https://openalex.org/W7084094729","https://openalex.org/W7210068565","https://openalex.org/W583405657","https://openalex.org/W2796587722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,7,11,14,21,24,63,70,74,81,88,94,102,112,130],"nineteenth":[2,76],"century,":[3,77],"John":[4],"Muir":[5,61],"is":[6,18,30],"foremost":[8],"spokesman":[9],"of":[10,13,23,38,53,66,83,90,96,105,132],"protection":[12],"American":[15,25],"wilderness.":[16],"He":[17],"recognized":[19],"as":[20],"founder":[22],"environmental":[26],"movement.":[27],"Also,":[28],"he":[29,79,86,100],"a":[31,120,126,136],"prolific":[32],"nature":[33,47,124],"writer":[34],"who":[35],"publishes":[36],"plenty":[37],"influential":[39],"books":[40],"for":[41,129],"America.":[42],"This":[43,57],"article":[44],"explores":[45],"Muir's":[46,54,116],"texts.":[48],"It":[49],"offers":[50],"an":[51],"investigation":[52],"\u201dwilderness":[55,117],"ethic.\u201d":[56],"paper":[58,113],"examines":[59],"how":[60,78,85,99],"resists":[62],"prevailing":[64],"values":[65],"Christian":[67],"religion":[68],"and":[69,93,98,125],"industrial":[71],"capitalism":[72],"in":[73],"late":[75],"questions":[80],"ideology":[82],"anthropocentrism,":[84],"expresses":[87],"principle":[89],"biocentric":[91],"egalitarianism":[92],"idea":[95],"interdependence,":[97],"presents":[101],"essential":[103],"oneness":[104],"all":[106],"living":[107],"things.":[108],"Through":[109],"these":[110],"observations,":[111],"shows":[114],"that":[115],"ethic\u201d-founded":[118],"upon":[119],"complete":[121],"identification":[122],"with":[123],"deep":[127],"respect":[128],"rights":[131],"nature-makes":[133],"him":[134],"become":[135],"genuine":[137],"\u201ddeep":[138],"ecologist.\u201d":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}