{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2266200749","doi":null,"title":"The Market for Biosimilars: Evolution and Policy Options","display_name":"The Market for Biosimilars: Evolution and Policy Options","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2266200749","mag":"2266200749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2266200749","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2641004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2641004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015761805","display_name":"Durgesh Nandini Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-4875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-4875"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durgesh Nandini Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck & Co., Inc. - Merck Serono Company"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-4875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck & Co., Inc. - Merck Serono Company","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108114814","display_name":"Adrian Towse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092722","display_name":"Office Of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dtqsj35","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Towse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Health Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Health Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031172823","display_name":"Jorge Mestre\u2010Ferrandiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-1321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-1321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092722","display_name":"Office Of Health Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/00dtqsj35","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092722"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Mestre-Ferrandiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Health Economics"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-1321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Health Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.7318999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12255","display_name":"Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods","score":0.2678000032901764,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosimilars","display_name":"biosimilars","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopharmaceuticals","display_name":"biopharmaceuticals","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogenerics","display_name":"biogenerics","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-expiration","display_name":"patent expiry","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosimilar-approval","display_name":"biosimilar approval","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interchangeability","display_name":"interchangeability","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-competition","display_name":"price competition","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-pricing","display_name":"reference pricing","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacovigilance","display_name":"pharmacovigilance","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome-data","display_name":"outcome data","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-for-money","display_name":"value for money","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-policy","display_name":"health policy","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-pricing","display_name":"drug pricing","score":0.4000000059604645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59491497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864715","display_name":"Biosimilar","level":2,"score":0.9879898428916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.7405510544776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779606619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092524","display_name":"Interchangeability","level":2,"score":0.7364920377731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781047461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679692","display_name":"Biopharmaceutical","level":2,"score":0.7090439200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5771260261535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57658597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550789","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance","level":3,"score":0.5683923959732056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.48370271921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4147518575191498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.38496407866477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3711853623390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.33323240280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2669777572154999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24648573994636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.20764398574829102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15124252438545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.12636908888816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1101655662059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2266200749","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2641004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123363868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/ohe/briefg/000238.html","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123739407","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:ohe:briefg:000238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2266200749","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2641004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289244316","https://openalex.org/W2906237901","https://openalex.org/W2481068821","https://openalex.org/W2077093030","https://openalex.org/W7116601537","https://openalex.org/W6944899518","https://openalex.org/W2337548908","https://openalex.org/W2009070247","https://openalex.org/W2401519681","https://openalex.org/W2444185232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"authors":[1],"point":[2],"out":[3],"that":[4,49,93,119,124],"biopharmaceuticals":[5],"are":[6,16,41,180],"more":[7,17,56],"complex":[8,57],"agents":[9],"than":[10,59],"conventional":[11],"chemical":[12,38,63],"entities":[13],"and":[14,75,99,108,115,128,142,152,172],"therefore":[15],"difficult":[18],"to":[19,90,146,149,196],"replicate":[20],"after":[21,87,159],"patent":[22,160],"expiry.":[23],"Off-patent":[24],"versions":[25],"of":[26,37,73,101,165,189],"the":[27,91,95,121,163,185,197],"originator":[28],"product,":[29],"moreover,":[30],"cannot":[31],"rely":[32],"on":[33],"a":[34,55],"simple":[35],"demonstration":[36],"comparability;":[39],"they":[40],"best":[42],"described":[43],"as":[44,103,194],"'biosimilar'.":[45],"These":[46],"differences":[47],"mean":[48],"biosimilar":[50,135,170],"markets":[51,136],"will":[52,68,80,125,168],"evolve":[53],"in":[54,97,105,182],"way":[58],"traditional,":[60],"small":[61],"molecule,":[62],"generics":[64],"markets.":[65],"Regulators":[67],"need":[69,145],"clinical":[70],"trial":[71],"evidence":[72,86],"efficacy":[74,98],"safety":[76,83,100],"before":[77],"approval.":[78],"Clinicians":[79],"require":[81],"patient":[82],"year":[84],"(PSY)":[85],"approval,":[88],"according":[89],"authors,":[92],"shows":[94],"equivalence":[96],"biosimilars":[102],"used":[104],"practice.":[106],"Governments":[107],"other":[109,116,143],"payers":[110,144],"also":[111,179],"should":[112],"encourage":[113,126,150],"pharmacovigilance":[114],"outcomes":[117],"studies":[118],"produce":[120],"PSY":[122],"data":[123,178],"interchangeability":[127],"greater":[129],"price":[130,157],"competition.":[131],"Over":[133],"time,":[134],"can":[137],"become":[138],"biogeneric,":[139],"but":[140],"governments":[141],"behave":[147],"differently":[148],"this":[151],"realise":[153],"savings.":[154,176],"For":[155],"example,":[156],"cuts":[158],"expiry":[161],"and/or":[162],"use":[164],"reference":[166],"pricing":[167],"deter":[169],"entry":[171],"reduce":[173],"long":[174],"term":[175],"Outcomes":[177],"important":[181],"helping":[183],"assess":[184],"value":[186],"for":[187],"money":[188],"second":[190],"generation":[191],"biopharmaceutical":[192],"products":[193],"compared":[195],"first":[198],"generation.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}