{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2265753181","doi":null,"title":"Effects of four-day and five-day academic weeks on stress and depression levels in gifted secondary students","display_name":"Effects of four-day and five-day academic weeks on stress and depression levels in gifted secondary students","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2265753181","mag":"2265753181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ttu-ir.tdl.org:2346/18568","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402519","display_name":"ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","host_organization_name":"Texas Tech University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024870010","display_name":"Isabelle Hamilton Howe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Hamilton Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024870010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.2703000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12704","display_name":"Stress and Burnout Research","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/four-day-school-week","display_name":"four-day school week","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/five-day-school-week","display_name":"five-day school week","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-stress","display_name":"academic stress","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gifted-students","display_name":"gifted students","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course-scheduling","display_name":"course scheduling","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-change-events","display_name":"life change events","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5834975242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5419952869415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4576195478439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37096458673477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3649517297744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.35566583275794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.05274403095245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ttu-ir.tdl.org:2346/18568","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402519","display_name":"ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","host_organization_name":"Texas Tech University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2265753181","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/ttu-ir/bitstream/2346/18568/1/31295004136023.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ttu-ir.tdl.org:2346/18568","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2346/18568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402519","display_name":"ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","host_organization_name":"Texas Tech University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2265753181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2265753181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3070606","https://openalex.org/W75803973","https://openalex.org/W117534700","https://openalex.org/W167387937","https://openalex.org/W172624418","https://openalex.org/W199679405","https://openalex.org/W237987405","https://openalex.org/W246476335","https://openalex.org/W265718150","https://openalex.org/W299348333","https://openalex.org/W318451577","https://openalex.org/W407100898","https://openalex.org/W571686619","https://openalex.org/W576874827","https://openalex.org/W577918456","https://openalex.org/W581668950","https://openalex.org/W590427500","https://openalex.org/W614716926","https://openalex.org/W615942840","https://openalex.org/W652503850","https://openalex.org/W1481428312","https://openalex.org/W1485539956","https://openalex.org/W1508148070","https://openalex.org/W1511124794","https://openalex.org/W1514001252","https://openalex.org/W1518470801","https://openalex.org/W1529818850","https://openalex.org/W1538325750","https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1555422621","https://openalex.org/W1557591406","https://openalex.org/W1558311959","https://openalex.org/W1559367519","https://openalex.org/W1559967999","https://openalex.org/W1561644443","https://openalex.org/W1573200570","https://openalex.org/W1585775765","https://openalex.org/W1633700803","https://openalex.org/W1650719925","https://openalex.org/W1696882065","https://openalex.org/W1831475266","https://openalex.org/W1833845071","https://openalex.org/W1923794885","https://openalex.org/W1966257030","https://openalex.org/W1968756409","https://openalex.org/W1969762459","https://openalex.org/W1971402021","https://openalex.org/W1973123789","https://openalex.org/W1977062206","https://openalex.org/W1979335520","https://openalex.org/W1980983506","https://openalex.org/W1983425134","https://openalex.org/W1994087809","https://openalex.org/W1994838640","https://openalex.org/W1996546881","https://openalex.org/W1997358333","https://openalex.org/W2002954135","https://openalex.org/W2008702548","https://openalex.org/W2012043188","https://openalex.org/W2014363855","https://openalex.org/W2025664462","https://openalex.org/W2029149867","https://openalex.org/W2029487046","https://openalex.org/W2031453629","https://openalex.org/W2033753469","https://openalex.org/W2035316134","https://openalex.org/W2038868772","https://openalex.org/W2056210913","https://openalex.org/W2062067657","https://openalex.org/W2062804062","https://openalex.org/W2062994142","https://openalex.org/W2063252428","https://openalex.org/W2066779981","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2070712677","https://openalex.org/W2070760532","https://openalex.org/W2071355241","https://openalex.org/W2071936644","https://openalex.org/W2072288935","https://openalex.org/W2074056872","https://openalex.org/W2076295704","https://openalex.org/W2082736936","https://openalex.org/W2085808050","https://openalex.org/W2088858575","https://openalex.org/W2090242873","https://openalex.org/W2099365033","https://openalex.org/W2104409747","https://openalex.org/W2105964279","https://openalex.org/W2114613490","https://openalex.org/W2117999054","https://openalex.org/W2140356643","https://openalex.org/W2170332928","https://openalex.org/W2281076358","https://openalex.org/W2284295962","https://openalex.org/W2312303239","https://openalex.org/W2395170218","https://openalex.org/W2413221979","https://openalex.org/W2415795302","https://openalex.org/W2481000087","https://openalex.org/W2599885966","https://openalex.org/W2766889167","https://openalex.org/W2787708714","https://openalex.org/W2975085682","https://openalex.org/W2992741677","https://openalex.org/W3036899972","https://openalex.org/W3110961999","https://openalex.org/W4293179688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071355241","https://openalex.org/W1994275869","https://openalex.org/W4380354780","https://openalex.org/W4312770171","https://openalex.org/W6948771202","https://openalex.org/W6908692740","https://openalex.org/W6922461776","https://openalex.org/W6922393714","https://openalex.org/W4288341086","https://openalex.org/W7110632253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,255,295],"twentieth":[1],"century":[2],"has":[3,75],"been":[4,76,106,158],"called":[5],"the":[6,31,34,58,88,98,120,174,262,292,310,314,318,321],"Age":[7],"of":[8,12,26,33,44,60,72,90,113,169,211,236,291,303],"Anxiety,":[9],"an":[10],"age":[11],"alarming":[13],"increases":[14],"in":[15,39,57,203,271,300,327],"health":[16],"problems":[17,32,52],"related":[18,81,305],"to":[19,78,82,96,116,119,160,306],"tensions,":[20],"anxiety,":[21],"depression,":[22],"burnout,":[23],"a":[24,188,197,204,218,225],"Century":[25],"Stress.":[27],"Evidence":[28],"accumulates":[29],"regarding":[30],"individual's":[35],"coping":[36],"with":[37,148],"life":[38],"this":[40,162],"most":[41],"complex":[42],"society":[43],"today.":[45],"Researchers":[46],"feel":[47],"that":[48],"stress":[49,84,175,272,304,332],"and":[50,64,101,122,129,133,139,152,154,176,182,194,222,239,250,261,273,317,330],"stress-related":[51],"have":[53,105,157],"become":[54],"more":[55],"pervasive":[56],"lives":[59],"all":[61,137],"individuals":[62],"today.\\n\\nEducators":[63],"students":[65,93,142,186],"are":[66,143,166],"among":[67,164,277],"those":[68,195],"experiencing":[69],"increased":[70,83],"feelings":[71],"stress.":[73],"Depression":[74,263],"shown":[77],"be":[79],"closely":[80],"levels.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"kind":[89],"school":[91,147,208,248,307],"secondary":[92,185],"attend":[94],"appears":[95],"influence":[97],"students'":[99],"goals":[100],"outlook.":[102],"Compressed":[103],"workweeks":[104],"tried":[107],"for":[108],"several":[109],"years.":[110],"A":[111],"number":[112],"benefits":[114,124],"seem":[115],"result":[117],"both":[118],"employers":[121],"employees,":[123],"such":[125],"as":[126,231],"reduced":[127],"absenteeism":[128],"tardiness,":[130],"higher":[131,134],"productivity,":[132],"morale.":[135],"Not":[136],"gifted":[138,181],"high":[140,146,183],"ability":[141,184],"breezing":[144],"through":[145],"great":[149],"success":[150],"academically":[151],"socioemotionally":[153],"various":[155],"proposals":[156],"made":[159],"solve":[161],"problem,":[163],"which":[165],"alternative":[167],"forms":[168],"class":[170],"scheduling.\\n\\nThis":[171],"study":[172],"investigated":[173],"depression":[177,274,329],"levels":[178,275,302,333],"experienced":[179],"by":[180],"attending":[187,196,313,320],"compressed":[189,315],"academic":[190,199,220,227],"week":[191,200,221,316],"(four-day)":[192],"program":[193,202],"traditional":[198,322],"(five-day)":[201],"single":[205],"large":[206],"metropolitan":[207],"district.\\n\\nThree":[209],"groups":[210,312],"lOth-grade":[212],"honors":[213],"English":[214],"classes,":[215],"one":[216],"from":[217,224,246,251],"five-day":[219],"two":[223,252,281,311],"four-day":[226],"week,":[228],"were":[229,334],"used":[230,287],"subjects;":[232],"each":[233,289],"group":[234,282,319],"consisted":[235],"31,":[237],"32,":[238],"38":[240],"subjects,":[241],"respectively.":[242],"Data":[243],"was":[244,286],"collected":[245],"permanent":[247],"records":[249],"test":[253],"instruments.":[254],"Adolescent":[256],"Life":[257],"Change":[258],"Event":[259],"Questionnaire":[260],"Adjective":[264],"Check":[265],"Lists.":[266],"To":[267],"determine":[268],"whether":[269],"differences":[270,299,326],"exist":[276],"these":[278],"three":[279,293],"groups,":[280],"discriminant":[283],"function":[284],"analysis":[285],"on":[288],"combination":[290],"groups.":[294],"results":[296],"produced":[297],"significant":[298,325],"perceived":[301,328],"events":[308],"between":[309],"week.":[323],"No":[324],"overall":[331],"found.":[335]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}