{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2265645512","doi":null,"title":"Determinants of forearm bone density in premenopausal women: a study in one general practice.","display_name":"Determinants of forearm bone density in premenopausal women: a study in one general practice.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2265645512","mag":"2265645512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1878269","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1371655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:260031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1371655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1371655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M L Cox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M L Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S A Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S A Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002803079","display_name":"Daniel Gau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D W Gau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067511273","display_name":"S A Cox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S A Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027718857","display_name":"H. M. HODKINSON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H M Hodkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83221267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"346","first_page":"194","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11219","display_name":"Bone Metabolism and Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forearm-bone-mineral-density","display_name":"forearm bone mineral density","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premenopausal-women","display_name":"premenopausal women","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/previous-fracture-history","display_name":"previous fracture history","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diuretic-use","display_name":"diuretic use","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-phosphatase","display_name":"alkaline phosphatase","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis-risk-factors","display_name":"osteoporosis risk factors","score":0.703000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8539849519729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.6696648597717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.6290318369865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.6140561699867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777151079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141160","display_name":"Parity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5309706926345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712","display_name":"Family history","level":2,"score":0.5089457035064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5054244995117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4952506124973297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81603835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457430","display_name":"Pill","level":2,"score":0.44249486923217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.41155076026916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.3618244528770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3451988101005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008593","descriptor_name":"Menopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014955","descriptor_name":"Wrist Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050723","descriptor_name":"Fractures, Bone","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:260031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1371655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1371655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1371655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Br J Gen Pract","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1878269","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1878269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2265645512","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1878269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:260031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1371655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991847104","https://openalex.org/W2024382695","https://openalex.org/W2031064301","https://openalex.org/W2047516621","https://openalex.org/W2088920987","https://openalex.org/W2313244303","https://openalex.org/W2338573733","https://openalex.org/W2435032586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376502672","https://openalex.org/W2047516621","https://openalex.org/W3139327235","https://openalex.org/W197467509","https://openalex.org/W2404038706","https://openalex.org/W2093644696","https://openalex.org/W2001029840","https://openalex.org/W2012721159","https://openalex.org/W2028587904","https://openalex.org/W3139029821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predictors":[0],"of":[1,25,31,56,92,96,109,142],"distal":[2,54],"and":[3,114,129],"proximal":[4],"forearm":[5],"bone":[6,27,143],"density,":[7,49],"measured":[8],"by":[9],"photon":[10],"absorbtiometry,":[11],"were":[12,82],"investigated":[13],"in":[14],"248":[15],"premenopausal":[16],"women":[17,128],"aged":[18],"39-56":[19],"years.":[20],"Only":[21],"one":[22],"strong":[23],"predictor":[24],"lower":[26],"density":[28,75,144],"was":[29,71],"found--history":[30],"previous":[32],"fracture":[33],"at":[34,52],"any":[35],"site":[36],"(P":[37,63,76],"less":[38,64,77],"than":[39,65,78,135],"0.001).":[40],"Two":[41],"other":[42],"factors":[43,81],"showed":[44,59],"a":[45,60,104],"weaker":[46],"association":[47,62],"with":[48,74,120],"but":[50],"only":[51],"the":[53,110,121,139,146],"site--history":[55],"diuretic":[57],"use":[58,108],"positive":[61],"0.02)":[66],"whereas":[67],"alkaline":[68],"phosphatase":[69],"level":[70,91],"inversely":[72],"correlated":[73],"0.01).":[79],"Other":[80],"not":[83],"significant":[84],"predictors:":[85],"these":[86],"included":[87],"age,":[88],"calcium":[89,99],"intake,":[90],"exercise,":[93],"anthropometric":[94],"measures":[95],"obesity,":[97],"serum":[98],"level,":[100],"parity,":[101],"lactation":[102],"history,":[103,107],"menopausal":[105],"symptom":[106],"contraceptive":[111],"pill,":[112],"smoking":[113],"alcohol":[115],"intake.":[116],"These":[117],"results":[118],"contrast":[119],"far":[122],"stronger":[123],"predictors":[124],"found":[125],"for":[126],"postmenopausal":[127],"suggest":[130],"that":[131],"genetic":[132],"endowment":[133],"rather":[134],"lifestyle":[136],"may":[137],"be":[138],"major":[140],"determinant":[141],"before":[145],"menopause.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
