{"id":"https://openalex.org/W226535103","doi":null,"title":"Data Breach: From Notification to Prevention Using PCI DSS","display_name":"Data Breach: From Notification to Prevention Using PCI DSS","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W226535103","mag":"226535103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:226535103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.columbia.edu/cu/jlsp/pdf/Summer%202010/Shaw.JLSP.43.4.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95352766","display_name":"Columbia journal of law and social problems","issn_l":"0010-1923","issn":["0010-1923"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Columbia journal of law and social problems","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019621578","display_name":"Abraham Shaw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019621578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.5013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9915842,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"517","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.7538999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.13089999556541443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-breach-prevention","display_name":"data breach prevention","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pci-dss","display_name":"PCI DSS","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merchant-liability","display_name":"merchant liability","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-data-protection","display_name":"personal data protection","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-theft","display_name":"identity theft","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraud","display_name":"fraud","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"cybercrime","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy-law","display_name":"information privacy law","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.9637136459350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5592658519744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5342357158660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.531660795211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5151835680007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.4970758259296417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4762442409992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.46935898065567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.46218976378440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q562566","display_name":"Breach of contract","level":3,"score":0.45564067363739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.44362419843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.43875396251678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.4370044767856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.43463119864463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.43245822191238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.38543498516082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16344815492630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16202276945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.1465812623500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1254187524318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:226535103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.columbia.edu/cu/jlsp/pdf/Summer%202010/Shaw.JLSP.43.4.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95352766","display_name":"Columbia journal of law and social problems","issn_l":"0010-1923","issn":["0010-1923"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320561","host_organization_name":"Brill","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320561","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brill","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Columbia journal of law and social problems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518559304","https://openalex.org/W4242981291","https://openalex.org/W305475462","https://openalex.org/W17243126","https://openalex.org/W185177130","https://openalex.org/W2344114526","https://openalex.org/W176138563","https://openalex.org/W1608523153","https://openalex.org/W1540774129","https://openalex.org/W4286665165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,355],"over":[1,212,247],"350":[2,248],"million":[3,249,327,333],"records":[4,250],"containing":[5,251],"sensitive":[6,252],"personal":[7,51,253,356],"information":[8,52,208,254,357],"having":[9],"been":[10,54,256,409],"compromised":[11,257,359],"since":[12],"2005,":[13,246],"it":[14],"is":[15,209,216,268],"evident":[16],"that":[17,49,110,194,224,322,346,381,407,419,423,455,492,535],"data":[18,37,72,87,111,133,221,242,259,310,363,438,448,461,472,499,515,536,544,552],"breaches":[19,134,267,311,500,553],"are":[20,94,370],"an":[21,159],"epidemic":[22],"problem.":[23],"After":[24],"demonstrating":[25],"the":[26,30,65,78,89,108,126,152,213,288,365,394,401,414,467,476,488,509,519,574],"security":[27,145,266,383,567],"breach":[28,38,73,112,123,222,384,439,449,462,473,516,537],"problem,":[29,402,415],"Note":[31,66,98,127,388],"begins":[32,443],"by":[33,135,272,444,557],"discussing":[34,445],"California's":[35,62,446],"pioneering":[36,447],"notification":[39,63,428,497],"law,":[40,64],"which":[41,114],"requires":[42],"breached":[43],"entities":[44],"to":[45,106,122,142,183,196,230,292,298,302,392,413,457,501,533,540,564],"notify":[46],"those":[47,149,571],"affected":[48],"their":[50,307],"has":[53],"compromised.":[55],"Drawing":[56],"on":[57,117,148,391,427,437,454,570],"various":[58,480],"provisions":[59],"found":[60],"in":[61,151,191,258,314,328,334,362,411,573],"evaluates":[67],"current":[68,395,459,468],"state":[69,83,104,371,396,460,514,529],"and":[70,82,91,103,174,237,275,277,294,372,397,432,451,479,513,522,530],"federal":[71,81,102,373,398,469,512,531],"laws.":[74,463],"To":[75],"further":[76],"explore":[77],"relationship":[79,510],"between":[80,511],"enforcement,":[84],"two":[85],"recent":[86],"breaches,":[88,93],"ChoicePoint":[90],"TJX":[92,523],"discussed":[95],"in-depth.":[96],"The":[97,261,316],"then":[99,452],"examines":[100,466],"proposed":[101],"legislation":[105,422,491,532],"strengthen":[107],"argument":[109],"laws,":[113],"currently":[115],"focus":[116],"notification,":[118],"must":[119],"also":[120,285,297,436,507],"advance":[121],"prevention.":[124,440],"Finally,":[125,546],"proposes":[128,549],"a":[129,166,217,382,550],"solution":[130],"for":[131,138,220,306,490,560],"preventing":[132,543],"increasing":[136,558],"liability":[137,559],"merchants":[139,561],"who":[140,181,562],"fail":[141,563],"meet":[143,565],"heightened":[144,566],"standards":[146,568],"based":[147,569],"used":[150,182,195,572],"credit":[153,575],"card":[154,576],"industry.":[155,577],"I.":[156],"INTRODUCTION":[157],"In":[158],"age":[160],"when":[161],"internet":[162,289],"transactions":[163],"have":[164,176,240,255,284,408],"become":[165,177],"part":[167],"of":[168,233,264,280,429],"everyday":[169],"life,":[170],"both":[171],"individual":[172],"users":[173],"corporations":[175],"more":[178],"sophisticated.":[179],"Users":[180],"receive":[184],"content":[185],"only":[186,197,291,338,426],"passively":[187],"now":[188,201],"actively":[189],"engage":[190],"e-commerce.":[192],"Companies":[193],"keep":[198],"paper":[199],"files":[200],"maintain":[202],"digital":[203],"databases":[204],"worldwide.":[205],"Because":[206],"private":[207,226,281],"increasingly":[210,286],"available":[211],"internet,":[214],"there":[215],"rising":[218],"demand":[219],"laws":[223,399,470,517,538],"protect":[225],"information.":[227],"Approximately":[228],"eighty":[229],"ninety":[231],"percent":[232],"Fortune":[234],"500":[235],"companies":[236],"government":[238],"agencies":[239],"experienced":[241],"breaches.1":[243],"Since":[244],"January":[245],"breaches.2":[260],"leading":[262],"cause":[263],"these":[265],"hacker":[269],"intrusion,":[270],"followed":[271],"stolen":[273],"laptops":[274],"computers,":[276],"insider":[278],"thefts":[279],"information.3":[282],"Terrorists":[283],"utilized":[287],"not":[290,425],"communicate":[293],"recruit,":[295],"but":[296,435],"perpetrate":[299],"online":[300],"crimes":[301,349],"obtain":[303],"financial":[304],"support":[305],"agendas.4":[308],"Furthermore,":[309],"often":[312],"result":[313],"fraud.":[315],"Internet":[317],"Crime":[318],"Complaint":[319],"Center":[320],"reported":[321,340],"fraud-related":[323],"losses":[324],"totaled":[325],"$264.6":[326],"2008,":[329],"up":[330],"from":[331],"$239.1":[332],"2007.5":[335],"These":[336],"figures":[337],"address":[339],"losses;":[341],"computer":[342],"crime":[343],"experts":[344],"agree":[345],"most":[347],"computer-related":[348],"go":[350,390],"either":[351],"undetected":[352],"or":[353],"unreported.6":[354],"being":[358],"almost":[360],"daily":[361],"breaches,7":[364],"main":[366],"question":[367],"is:":[368],"what":[369],"governments":[374],"doing":[375],"about":[376],"this":[377,387],"problem?":[378],"Having":[379],"demonstrated":[380],"problem":[385],"exists,":[386],"will":[389],"describe":[393],"addressing":[400,471],"highlight":[403],"certain":[404],"enforcement":[405],"actions":[406],"undertaken":[410],"response":[412],"and,":[416],"finally,":[417],"propose":[418],"lawmakers":[420],"craft":[421],"focuses":[424],"injured":[430],"parties":[431],"damage":[433],"control":[434],"Part":[441,464,485,525,547],"II":[442],"law":[450,456],"draws":[453],"evaluate":[458],"III":[465],"issues,":[474],"specifically":[475],"Gramm-Leach-Bliley":[477],"Act":[478],"Federal":[481],"Trade":[482],"Commission":[483],"acts.":[484],"IV":[486],"illuminates":[487],"need":[489,539],"goes":[493],"beyond":[494],"requiring":[495],"consumer":[496],"after":[498],"prevent":[502],"such":[503],"breaches.":[504,524,545],"This":[505],"section":[506],"explores":[508],"using":[518],"Choice":[520],"Point":[521],"V":[526],"discusses":[527],"pending":[528],"demonstrate":[534],"progress":[541],"toward":[542],"VI":[548],"solution:":[551],"can":[554],"be":[555],"prevented":[556],"\u2026":[578]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}