{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2265124137","doi":null,"title":"The Impact of Litigation Risk on Discretionary Disclosure","display_name":"The Impact of Litigation Risk on Discretionary Disclosure","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2265124137","mag":"2265124137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2265124137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051243020","display_name":"Patricia J. Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia J. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deceased"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deceased","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111379787","display_name":"Mandira Roy Sankar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandira Roy Sankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California - Leventhal School of Accounting"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California - Leventhal School of Accounting","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.8490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.10570000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation-risk","display_name":"litigation risk","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretionary-disclosure","display_name":"discretionary disclosure","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-disclosure","display_name":"information disclosure","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misrepresentation","display_name":"misrepresentation","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-actions","display_name":"class actions","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation-loss","display_name":"reputation loss","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information","display_name":"private information","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stock-prices","display_name":"stock prices","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.7447850704193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30067981","display_name":"Misrepresentation","level":2,"score":0.7320753335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.6803506016731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154307955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6648555","display_name":"Litigation risk analysis","level":3,"score":0.6724879741668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163428354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047513","display_name":"Cash flow","level":2,"score":0.6669206023216248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697327","display_name":"Lawsuit","level":2,"score":0.6401388645172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6138615608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.5099035501480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74734477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479274","display_name":"Cost of capital","level":3,"score":0.4778292179107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780334105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9297784","display_name":"Free cash flow","level":3,"score":0.4770207405090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.4549327790737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4329392910003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777930997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6765918","display_name":"Wrongdoing","level":2,"score":0.4316939115524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.36524948477745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33747321367263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.2783307433128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.2621909976005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.2569047808647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09973284602165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2265124137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2265124137","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145015069","https://openalex.org/W4245045968","https://openalex.org/W3121311645","https://openalex.org/W4410951792","https://openalex.org/W7112599252","https://openalex.org/W4206815229","https://openalex.org/W2108749127","https://openalex.org/W3160028372","https://openalex.org/W3124871970","https://openalex.org/W2551581715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"analyses":[2],"the":[3,66,96,101,105,108,114,130,146,160,164,183,191,208,216,249],"impact":[4],"of":[5,20,26,31,140,210,232],"expected":[6],"litigation":[7,46,141],"related":[8,47,142],"costs":[9,48,213],"on":[10],"a":[11,37,50,56,87,92,117,135,167,179],"manager's":[12],"discretionary":[13],"disclosure":[14,21,23,102,181],"choice.":[15],"We":[16,127,203],"examine":[17],"two":[18],"aspects":[19],"choice:":[22],"versus":[24],"nondisclosure":[25],"certain":[27],"information":[28,32],"and":[29,76,104,121,124,145,190,223],"misrepresentation":[30],"disclosed.":[33],"In":[34,178],"our":[35],"model":[36],"manager":[38,67,131,187,195,217],"maximizes":[39],"his":[40,61,81,198,228],"firm's":[41,62,97,147],"stock":[42,98,176],"price,":[43],"less":[44],"any":[45,211],"in":[49,95,159,207,237],"three":[51],"period":[52],"setting.":[53],"After":[54],"receiving":[55],"noisy":[57],"private":[58,152,229],"signal":[59,199],"about":[60],"future":[63],"cash":[64,110],"flow,":[65],"must":[68],"determine":[69,175],"whether":[70],"or":[71,137,214],"not":[72,252],"to":[73,79,157,174,221],"disclose":[74,224],"it":[75],"how":[77],"much":[78],"bias":[80,222],"information,":[82,153],"if":[83],"he":[84],"does":[85],"make":[86],"disclosure.":[88],"If":[89],"there":[90,244],"is":[91,112,151,155,245],"sufficient":[93],"drop":[94],"price":[99],"between":[100],"date":[103,106],"when":[107,240],"realized":[109],"flow":[111],"revealed,":[113],"firm":[115,250],"faces":[116],"class":[118],"action":[119],"lawsuit":[120],"suffers":[122],"damages":[123],"reputation":[125,143,148,171,185,193],"loss.":[126],"assume":[128,242],"that":[129,243,248],"may":[132],"have":[133],"either":[134],"high":[136,192],"low":[138,184],"cost":[139,149,172,186,194],"loss,":[144],"type":[150],"which":[154],"unknown":[156],"investors":[158],"capital":[161],"market.":[162],"Therefore,":[163],"market":[165],"uses":[166],"probability":[168,247],"distribution":[169],"over":[170],"types":[173],"price.":[177],"biased":[180],"equilibrium":[182],"biases":[188,196],"up":[189],"down":[197],"before":[200],"disclosing":[201],"it.":[202],"also":[204],"find":[205],"that,":[206],"absence":[209],"other":[212],"uncertainties,":[215],"will":[218],"always":[219],"prefer":[220],"rather":[225],"than":[226],"withhold":[227],"information.":[230,254],"Nondisclosure":[231],"unfavorable":[233],"signals":[234],"can":[235],"occur":[236],"an":[238],"equilibrium,":[239],"we":[241],"some":[246],"did":[251],"receive":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
