{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2265016809","doi":null,"title":"The role of feedback and age-related differences in force production accuracy, variability, and shape across oral and manual effectors","display_name":"The role of feedback and age-related differences in force production accuracy, variability, and shape across oral and manual effectors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2265016809","mag":"2265016809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44499","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/44472/bitstreams/132426/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/44472/bitstreams/132426/data.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035778963","display_name":"Edward Ofori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-1649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-1649"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Ofori","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-1649","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035778963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-feedback","display_name":"sensory feedback","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-production","display_name":"force generation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-variability","display_name":"force variability","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-force","display_name":"isometric force","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elbow-flexion","display_name":"elbow flexion","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-feedback","display_name":"auditory feedback","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-feedback","display_name":"visual feedback","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-force","display_name":"peak force","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-peak-force","display_name":"time to peak force","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"motor control","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5838034152984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40882545709609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17547443509101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44499","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/44472/bitstreams/132426/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2265016809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/44499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.ideals.illinois.edu:2142/44499","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2142/44499","pdf_url":"https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/44472/bitstreams/132426/data.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401358","display_name":"Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2265016809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2265016809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22438120","https://openalex.org/W1566353072","https://openalex.org/W1644384151","https://openalex.org/W1810474833","https://openalex.org/W1929558503","https://openalex.org/W1956636948","https://openalex.org/W1976707985","https://openalex.org/W1977028460","https://openalex.org/W1977816746","https://openalex.org/W1982295364","https://openalex.org/W1983219320","https://openalex.org/W1983669355","https://openalex.org/W1984983573","https://openalex.org/W1985327896","https://openalex.org/W1987064587","https://openalex.org/W1988306926","https://openalex.org/W1989458859","https://openalex.org/W1993811355","https://openalex.org/W1994843584","https://openalex.org/W1996746584","https://openalex.org/W2000673369","https://openalex.org/W2007092042","https://openalex.org/W2012790795","https://openalex.org/W2014115048","https://openalex.org/W2015811309","https://openalex.org/W2016782894","https://openalex.org/W2017464642","https://openalex.org/W2022022551","https://openalex.org/W2024488143","https://openalex.org/W2028012170","https://openalex.org/W2029298315","https://openalex.org/W2032047480","https://openalex.org/W2032399425","https://openalex.org/W2032681694","https://openalex.org/W2032911946","https://openalex.org/W2033947761","https://openalex.org/W2039752037","https://openalex.org/W2039975805","https://openalex.org/W2044618298","https://openalex.org/W2045279678","https://openalex.org/W2049532156","https://openalex.org/W2052106190","https://openalex.org/W2056098354","https://openalex.org/W2061737487","https://openalex.org/W2064945844","https://openalex.org/W2069651038","https://openalex.org/W2071442768","https://openalex.org/W2072168252","https://openalex.org/W2078925985","https://openalex.org/W2081817157","https://openalex.org/W2082779594","https://openalex.org/W2084027991","https://openalex.org/W2084210655","https://openalex.org/W2088476185","https://openalex.org/W2089366819","https://openalex.org/W2091974703","https://openalex.org/W2093886830","https://openalex.org/W2094692696","https://openalex.org/W2102203353","https://openalex.org/W2103938523","https://openalex.org/W2105636585","https://openalex.org/W2110383664","https://openalex.org/W2115481517","https://openalex.org/W2117469651","https://openalex.org/W2118946041","https://openalex.org/W2121588825","https://openalex.org/W2121843899","https://openalex.org/W2124325369","https://openalex.org/W2125918080","https://openalex.org/W2126705421","https://openalex.org/W2128911243","https://openalex.org/W2143149622","https://openalex.org/W2146199402","https://openalex.org/W2151970504","https://openalex.org/W2154830775","https://openalex.org/W2155449585","https://openalex.org/W2157701174","https://openalex.org/W2160750646","https://openalex.org/W2163250077","https://openalex.org/W2172115264","https://openalex.org/W2173890723","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W2180478189","https://openalex.org/W2212612351","https://openalex.org/W2255347605","https://openalex.org/W2317352983","https://openalex.org/W2322333425","https://openalex.org/W2334233194","https://openalex.org/W2360700782","https://openalex.org/W2777891098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045279678","https://openalex.org/W3212548030","https://openalex.org/W6989575501","https://openalex.org/W2070742755","https://openalex.org/W2030430484","https://openalex.org/W4408053110","https://openalex.org/W2139468615","https://openalex.org/W2155788502","https://openalex.org/W2219508263","https://openalex.org/W2128765503"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,355,365,416,448,504],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,12,42,49,81,130,166,179,189,204,216,243,245,259,272,275,286,307,310,314,323,335,340,357,423,431,473,483,501,559],"this":[3,61,254],"dissertation":[4],"was":[5,45,95,152,160,182,209,237,263,292,359],"two-fold:":[6],"1)":[7],"to":[8,23,59,79,102,120,136,170,206,220,227,280,345,361,411,429,531,545],"determine":[9,24],"the":[10,47,186,190,195,213,217,224,241,246,257,266,300,311,321,324,440,509,516,527,546,557],"role":[11],"feedback":[13,27,51,91,94,105,332,358,374,404,465,479,497,542,560],"in":[14,31,376,453,458,526,529,552],"force":[15,32,55,116,129,138,181,193,198,208,222,229,287,342,366,379,399,468,505,553],"production":[16,33,148,158,469],"accuracy,":[17,34],"variability,":[18,35],"and":[19,21,36,89,110,133,150,173,270,283,299,305,343,352,372,392,426,439,471,492,549,561],"shape":[20,37,151,291,367,506],"2)":[22],"whether":[25],"sensory":[26,50],"mediates":[28],"age-related":[29,550],"difference":[30],"across":[38],"effectors.":[39],"premise":[41],"these":[43],"experiments":[44,64],"that":[46,541],"type":[48,356,558],"would":[52],"influence":[53,362],"discrete":[54],"production.":[56,288],"In":[57,385],"order":[58],"test":[60],"premise,":[62],"two":[63],"were":[65,444,456],"conducted.":[66],"Experiment":[67,329,386,454,459,538],"1":[68,330,455],"involved":[69],"72":[70],"college-aged":[71],"participants":[72],"(mean=23.4":[73],"years":[74],"old,":[75],"SD=4.22)":[76],"randomly":[77],"assigned":[78],"one":[80],"four":[82],"groups":[83],"(a":[84],"no":[85],"feedback,":[86],"grayscale,":[87,109],"auditory,":[88,108,370],"visual":[90,111,373,403],"condition).":[92],"Sensory":[93],"equated":[96],"by":[97,184,211,239,256],"determining":[98],"one\u2019s":[99],"average":[100],"ability":[101],"discriminate":[103],"different":[104],"modalities":[106],"(i.e.,":[107,199,230],"feedback).":[112],"Participants":[113],"produced":[114,397],"isometric":[115,398],"via":[117,405],"elbow":[118,406,528],"flexion":[119,407],"match":[121],"a":[122,127,134,315,412,421,427,523],"Gaussian":[123,413,417],"template":[124,419],"waveform":[125,414,418],"with":[126,162,294,400],"peak":[128,137,167,171,180,192,197,207,221,228,277,281,284,336,341,346,422,430,484,502],"90":[131,145,200],"N":[132,425],"time":[135,169,205,219,226,279,344,428],"at":[139],"200":[140,231,432],"ms.":[141,433],"Each":[142,434],"participant":[143,435],"completed":[144],"trials.":[146],"Force":[147,157,261,289],"accuracy":[149,159,470],"indexed":[153],"for":[154,446],"each":[155],"trial.":[156],"assessed":[161,264,293],"absolute":[163,187,214],"error":[164,178,203,235],"(AE)":[165],"force,":[168,172,278,282,337,347,485],"mean":[174,295,297],"squared":[175,234],"error.":[176],"Absolute":[177,202],"computed":[183,210,238],"taking":[185,212,240],"value":[188,215,255],"actual":[191,218,250],"minus":[194,223,249],"criterion":[196,225,247],"N).":[201],"ms).":[232],"Mean":[233],"(MSE)":[236],"summation":[242],"squares":[244],"trajectory":[248,251],"then":[252],"dividing":[253],"number":[258],"points.":[260],"variability":[262,554],"using":[265],"standard":[267,302],"deviation":[268,303],"(SD)":[269],"coefficient":[271,306],"variation":[273,308],"(CV)":[274,309],"impulse,":[276],"rate":[285],"pulse":[290,380],"skewness,":[296,348,491],"kurtosis":[298],"mean,":[301],"(SD),":[304],"inflection":[312,350],"point":[313,319],"logistic":[316,325],"fit.":[317],"Inflection":[318],"is":[320,543],"midpoint":[322],"curve.":[326],"Results":[327,461,475],"from":[328,537],"indicated":[331,462,476],"influenced":[333],"AE":[334],"MSE,":[338],"CV":[339,482],"kurtosis,":[349],"point,":[351],"curve":[353],"length.":[354],"found":[360],"temporal":[363],"measures.":[364],"analysis":[368,507],"revealed":[369,508],"grayscale":[371],"resulted":[375],"more":[377,512],"symmetric":[378,524],"shapes":[381],"than":[382,515],"without":[383],"feedback.":[384],"2,":[387],"12":[388],"young":[389],"(mean=23.5\u00b13.3":[390],"years)":[391,396],"11":[393],"old":[394],"(mean=73.2\u00b16":[395],"auditory":[401],"or":[402,408],"jaw":[409,510],"elevation":[410],"template.":[415],"had":[420,520],"50":[424],"performed":[436],"70":[437],"trials":[438,443],"last":[441],"40":[442],"used":[445,452,457],"analysis.":[447],"same":[449],"dependent":[450],"variables":[451],"2.":[460],"effector":[463,488,495],"x":[464,478,487,494,496],"interactions":[466,480],"on":[467,481,490,499,556],"SD":[472,500],"impulse.":[474],"age":[477,486,493],"interaction":[489,498],"rate.":[503],"produces":[511],"non-symmetric":[513],"impulses":[514],"elbow.":[517],"Older":[518],"adults":[519],"difficulty":[521],"producing":[522],"force-pulse":[525],"comparison":[530],"younger":[532],"adults.":[533],"Taken":[534],"together,":[535],"results":[536],"2":[539],"indicate":[540],"fundamental":[544],"motor":[547],"command":[548],"differences":[551],"depend":[555],"effector.":[562]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
