{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2264781129","doi":null,"title":"Relative income distribution in six European countries: Market and disposable income","display_name":"Relative income distribution in six European countries: Market and disposable income","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2264781129","mag":"2264781129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:lis:liswps:629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/629.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086629735","display_name":"Ilaria Petrarca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilaria Petrarca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026334527","display_name":"Roberto Ricciuti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-0423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-0423"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ricciuti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-0423","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-polarization","display_name":"income polarization","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-income","display_name":"market income","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disposable-income","display_name":"disposable income","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class","display_name":"middle class","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-countries","display_name":"European countries","score":0.5690000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7527651786804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.6280926465988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6212900876998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6051673293113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.5137666463851929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5048843026161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5036384463310242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132000672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427","display_name":"Income inequality metrics","level":4,"score":0.45213595032691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.44078612327575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.43133434653282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.32429268956184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.15414634346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07115322351455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:lis:liswps:629","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/629.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.lisdatacenter.org/wps/liswps/629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ver:wpaper:02/2015","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dse.univr.it/home/workingpapers/wp2015n2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://dse.univr.it/home/workingpapers/wp2015n2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2264781129","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://leonardo3.dse.univr.it/home/workingpapers/wp2015n2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/119749","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205025832","https://openalex.org/W337534844","https://openalex.org/W628601067","https://openalex.org/W1485319507","https://openalex.org/W1490858860","https://openalex.org/W1491036122","https://openalex.org/W1497731903","https://openalex.org/W1498341210","https://openalex.org/W1505467932","https://openalex.org/W1524101570","https://openalex.org/W1591032739","https://openalex.org/W1591277417","https://openalex.org/W1600129720","https://openalex.org/W1885066358","https://openalex.org/W1992359982","https://openalex.org/W2000494452","https://openalex.org/W2009069443","https://openalex.org/W2009183832","https://openalex.org/W2025989004","https://openalex.org/W2027543628","https://openalex.org/W2028249473","https://openalex.org/W2034339974","https://openalex.org/W2044739107","https://openalex.org/W2047774883","https://openalex.org/W2055430854","https://openalex.org/W2098231884","https://openalex.org/W2104211778","https://openalex.org/W2115001802","https://openalex.org/W2126340710","https://openalex.org/W2149758946","https://openalex.org/W2150151126","https://openalex.org/W2158562746","https://openalex.org/W2162576431","https://openalex.org/W2166797603","https://openalex.org/W2168402238","https://openalex.org/W2170918718","https://openalex.org/W2312822327","https://openalex.org/W2331253396","https://openalex.org/W2468897635","https://openalex.org/W2613280728","https://openalex.org/W2992026066","https://openalex.org/W3125212870","https://openalex.org/W3126105906","https://openalex.org/W3143269717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6903480398","https://openalex.org/W2738791470","https://openalex.org/W2225312460","https://openalex.org/W2166797603","https://openalex.org/W4385878827","https://openalex.org/W2763092020","https://openalex.org/W4402273072","https://openalex.org/W2158562746","https://openalex.org/W3001402735","https://openalex.org/W7042495412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,80],"relationship":[1],"between":[2],"income":[3,47,75,114],"inequality":[4,31],"and":[5,72,98],"polarization":[6,27,84,111],"is":[7,66,115,128,163],"an":[8,136],"empirical":[9],"fact:":[10],"a":[11,19,56],"change":[12,20],"in":[13,21,86,94,101,148],"equality":[14],"might":[15,28],"occur":[16],"together":[17],"with":[18],"polarization.":[22],"At":[23,103],"the":[24,43,46,51,70,73,88,92,95,99,104,107,109,118,140,144,150,156,159,166,169],"same":[25],"time,":[26,124],"emerge":[29],"while":[30],"remains":[32],"constant.":[33],"outcome":[35],"of":[36,45,106,112,139,143,158,168],"this":[37,126],"process":[38],"entails":[39],"relevant":[40],"information":[41],"about":[42],"evolution":[44],"distribution.":[48],"We":[49],"exploit":[50],"LIS":[52],"micro-data":[53],"to":[54],"perform":[55],"relative":[57,110],"distribution":[58],"analysis":[59],"for":[60,120],"six":[61],"European":[62],"countries.":[63],"Our":[64],"aim":[65],"describing":[67],"how":[68],"both":[69],"market":[71,121],"disposable":[74,113],"distributions":[76],"evolved":[77],"over":[78,154],"time.":[79],"results":[81],"indicate":[82],"that":[83],"increased":[85],"all":[87,149],"considered":[89],"countries,":[90],"being":[91],"largest":[93],"United":[96],"Kingdom":[97],"smallest":[100],"Italy.":[102],"beginning":[105],"period":[108],"lower":[116],"than":[117,165],"one":[119,167],"income.":[122],"In":[123],"however,":[125],"pattern":[127],"reversed.":[129],"This":[130],"evidence":[131],"does":[132],"not":[133],"unambiguously":[134],"suggest":[135],"increasing":[137],"effectiveness":[138],"equalizing":[141],"role":[142],"welfare":[145],"state.":[146],"Nonetheless,":[147],"countries":[151],"downgrading":[152],"prevails":[153],"upgrading:":[155],"relevance":[157],"middle-class":[160,170],"getting":[161,171],"poorer":[162],"larger":[164],"richer.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}