{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2260433435","doi":null,"title":"Characterisation of web spambots using self organising maps","display_name":"Characterisation of web spambots using self organising maps","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2260433435","mag":"2260433435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/44532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/44532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2260433435"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/csse/csse26.html#HayatiPTC11","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028677026","display_name":"Pedram Hayati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedram Hayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027988910","display_name":"Vidyasagar M. Potdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-5462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-5462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidyasagar Potdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-5462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041249545","display_name":"Alex Talevski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Talevski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037266998","display_name":"Kevin E. K. Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-0922","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-0922","https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2722-9975"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curtin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1645-0922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curtin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81251878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-maps","display_name":"self-organizing maps","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-2-0","display_name":"Web 2.0","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spam-filtering","display_name":"spam filtering","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-usage-data","display_name":"web usage data","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7432700991630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5996776819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127735637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306702","display_name":"Spambot","level":4,"score":0.48435959219932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47354856133461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13565553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Spamdexing","level":5,"score":0.4500402510166168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.4446500241756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.33599841594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2719278633594513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521815418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4182287","display_name":"Web search engine","level":4,"score":0.15730628371238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/44532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/44532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2260433435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/csse/csse26.html#HayatiPTC11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214087","display_name":"Computer Systems Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0267-6192","issn":["0267-6192","2766-4821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Systems: Science & Engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2260433435","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/csse/csse26.html#HayatiPTC11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214087","display_name":"Computer Systems Science and Engineering","issn_l":"0267-6192","issn":["0267-6192","2766-4821"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Systems: Science & Engineering","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117791341","https://openalex.org/W183174002","https://openalex.org/W1510642132","https://openalex.org/W1516358640","https://openalex.org/W1555490954","https://openalex.org/W1569672691","https://openalex.org/W1583640058","https://openalex.org/W1603565383","https://openalex.org/W1779735989","https://openalex.org/W2029658262","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2099256741","https://openalex.org/W2102451693","https://openalex.org/W2111304557","https://openalex.org/W2126719924","https://openalex.org/W2129538325","https://openalex.org/W2137526809","https://openalex.org/W2143684471","https://openalex.org/W2147019420","https://openalex.org/W2166490929","https://openalex.org/W2185352626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545645313","https://openalex.org/W1516358640","https://openalex.org/W1970008513","https://openalex.org/W7043127503","https://openalex.org/W1599094028","https://openalex.org/W7097945453","https://openalex.org/W2080521416","https://openalex.org/W2121343916","https://openalex.org/W7099696427","https://openalex.org/W2045458087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growth":[1],"of":[2,15,24,30,59,65,99,115,217],"spam":[3,38,138,219],"in":[4,150,162,220],"Web":[5,160,221],"2.0":[6,222],"environments":[7],"not":[8,51],"only":[9],"reduces":[10],"the":[11,16,22,57,156,159],"quality":[12,23],"and":[13,56,106,124,143,153,188,209],"trust":[14],"content":[17,39,157,182,186],"but":[18],"it":[19],"also":[20],"degrades":[21],"search":[25],"engine":[26],"results.":[27],"By":[28],"means":[29],"web":[31,53,83,87,92,116],"spambots,":[32],"spammers":[33],"are":[34,207],"able":[35],"to":[36,42,69,81,90,136,158,164,201],"distribute":[37],"more":[40,43],"efficiently":[41,165],"targeted":[44],"websites.":[45],"Current":[46],"anti-spam":[47],"filtering":[48],"solutions":[49],"have":[50],"studied":[52],"spambots":[54,60,93,117],"thoroughly":[55],"characterisation":[58],"remains":[61],"an":[62],"open":[63],"area":[64],"research.":[66],"In":[67],"order":[68,163],"fill":[70],"this":[71,74],"research":[72],"gap,":[73],"paper":[75],"utilises":[76],"Kohonen\u2019s":[77],"Self-Organising":[78],"Map":[79],"(SOM)":[80],"characterise":[82],"spambots.":[84],"We":[85],"analyse":[86],"usage":[88],"data":[89],"profile":[91,184],"based":[94,177,197],"on":[95,122,178,198],"three":[96],"novel":[97],"set":[98],"features":[100],"i.e.":[101],"action":[102,104,107,200],"set,":[103],"frequency":[105],"time.":[108],"Our":[109,205],"experimental":[110],"results":[111,206],"uncovered":[112],"important":[113],"characteristics":[114],"that":[118,212],"1)":[119],"they":[120,131,147,169,192,210],"focus":[121],"specific":[123],"limited":[125],"actions":[126,180],"compared":[127],"with":[128],"humans":[129],"2)":[130],"use":[132],"multiple":[133],"user":[134],"accounts":[135],"spread":[137,166],"content,":[139],"hide":[140,202],"their":[141,179,194,203],"identity":[142],"bypass":[144,148],"restrictions,":[145],"3)":[146],"filling":[149],"submission":[151],"forms":[152],"directly":[154],"submit":[155],"server":[161],"spam,":[167],"4)":[168],"can":[170],"be":[171],"categorise":[172],"into":[173],"4":[174],"different":[175,199],"categories":[176],"\u2013":[181],"submitters,":[183],"editors,":[185],"viewers":[187],"mixed":[189],"behaviour,":[190],"5)":[191],"change":[193],"IP":[195],"address":[196],"tracks.":[204],"promising":[208],"suggest":[211],"our":[213],"technique":[214],"is":[215],"capable":[216],"identifying":[218],"applications.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}