{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2257960707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","title":"Foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators affected the biochemical and antioxidant attributes of spinach in a field experiment","display_name":"Foliar spray of selected plant growth regulators affected the biochemical and antioxidant attributes of spinach in a field experiment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2257960707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","mag":"2257960707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/tar-1412-56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=agriculture","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148591575","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","issn_l":"1300-011X","issn":["1300-011X","1303-6173"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=agriculture","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052061079","display_name":"Maryam Aslam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158239","display_name":"Government College Women University Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/05rq0zy06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam ASLAM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry , Government College Women University , Faisalabad , Pakistan","Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry , Government College Women University , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158239"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020503074","display_name":"Bushra Sultana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bushra SULTANA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069762905","display_name":"Farooq Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-7947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farooq ANWAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry , University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan","Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , Kharj , Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry , University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , Kharj , Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087375025","display_name":"Hassan Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-1137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-1137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan MUNIR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Physiology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Physiology , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8579,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96674019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":null,"first_page":"136","last_page":"145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humic-acid","display_name":"humic acid","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moringa-oleifera-leaf-extract","display_name":"moringa leaf extract","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzyladenine","display_name":"benzyladenine","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-antioxidants","display_name":"phenolic antioxidants","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proline","display_name":"proline","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"chlorophyll","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenolic-acids","display_name":"phenolic acids","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dpph-radical-scavenging-activity","display_name":"DPPH radical scavenging","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reducing-power","display_name":"reducing power","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elicitors","display_name":"elicitors","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.9088289737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148968","display_name":"Spinacia","level":4,"score":0.7723360061645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310468","display_name":"Moringa","level":2,"score":0.6562007665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781401929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205953","display_name":"DPPH","level":3,"score":0.637631893157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6246359348297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779815552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583","display_name":"Proline","level":3,"score":0.6095729470252991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.6065539717674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778401633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661","display_name":"Malondialdehyde","level":3,"score":0.5967769622802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.48624861240386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28781525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191907","display_name":"Carotenoid","level":2,"score":0.48246079683303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.47534987330436707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.46480241417884827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.33189114928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25460052490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2175922989845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.0846337378025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69305403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263","display_name":"Chloroplast","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3906/tar-1412-56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=agriculture","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148591575","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","issn_l":"1300-011X","issn":["1300-011X","1303-6173"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/383928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tbtkagriculture/issue/34725/383928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\\n Volume: 40, Issue: 2\\n 136-145\\n \\n","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3906/tar-1412-56","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1412-56","pdf_url":"https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1353&context=agriculture","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148591575","display_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","issn_l":"1300-011X","issn":["1300-011X","1303-6173"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","tr-dizin"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318422","host_organization_name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318422"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324589","display_name":"University of Agriculture, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2257960707.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2257960707.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1217430864","https://openalex.org/W1566314675","https://openalex.org/W1589198468","https://openalex.org/W1706617644","https://openalex.org/W1826739332","https://openalex.org/W1914622032","https://openalex.org/W1972627634","https://openalex.org/W1976838036","https://openalex.org/W1976937426","https://openalex.org/W2002538869","https://openalex.org/W2006237063","https://openalex.org/W2006354564","https://openalex.org/W2011712331","https://openalex.org/W2015633750","https://openalex.org/W2028823348","https://openalex.org/W2046068900","https://openalex.org/W2051465008","https://openalex.org/W2059982506","https://openalex.org/W2064876725","https://openalex.org/W2065375709","https://openalex.org/W2068563957","https://openalex.org/W2082604490","https://openalex.org/W2088845669","https://openalex.org/W2101956379","https://openalex.org/W2110091268","https://openalex.org/W2112910528","https://openalex.org/W2113244882","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2132789711","https://openalex.org/W2135572188","https://openalex.org/W2136853426","https://openalex.org/W2139394540","https://openalex.org/W2141145149","https://openalex.org/W2146973296","https://openalex.org/W2152582923","https://openalex.org/W2168404580","https://openalex.org/W2168775710","https://openalex.org/W2183092591","https://openalex.org/W2183117758","https://openalex.org/W2184842000","https://openalex.org/W2185065397","https://openalex.org/W2270652996","https://openalex.org/W2327648788","https://openalex.org/W2365366593","https://openalex.org/W2410037402","https://openalex.org/W2527859929","https://openalex.org/W2589471668","https://openalex.org/W2601177115","https://openalex.org/W2741323835","https://openalex.org/W2771289903","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520077966","https://openalex.org/W2970583129","https://openalex.org/W4407792837","https://openalex.org/W4310371255","https://openalex.org/W6999997329","https://openalex.org/W7204168726","https://openalex.org/W1997079718","https://openalex.org/W4296564525","https://openalex.org/W4411375323","https://openalex.org/W2113524174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"explored":[2],"the":[3,15,58,71,151,158,163,171,174,195,201],"effects":[4],"of":[5,8,21,60,67,73,147,153,173,211],"foliar":[6,27,145],"spray":[7,28],"selected":[9,39],"plant":[10],"growth":[11,31,184],"regulators":[12],"(PGRs)":[13],"on":[14],"biochemical":[16],"and":[17,35,50,54,83,100,112,134,186,214],"phenolic":[18,107,155,212],"antioxidant":[19],"attributes":[20],"spinach":[22,61],"(Spinacia":[23],"oleracea)":[24],"leaves.":[25],"Following":[26],"at":[29],"three":[30],"stages":[32],"(40,":[33],"50,":[34],"60":[36],"days)":[37],"with":[38,162,180],"PGRs,":[40],"namely":[41],"humic":[42],"acid":[43],"(HA),":[44],"Moringa":[45],"oleifera":[46],"leaf":[47],"extract":[48,132],"(MOLE),":[49],"6-benzylamino":[51],"purine":[52],"(6-BAP),":[53],"their":[55],"mixed":[56],"form,":[57],"samples":[59],"leaves":[62,69,159],"were":[63],"harvested.":[64],"The":[65,105],"analysis":[66,142],"foliar-treated":[68],"revealed":[70],"content":[72,108,152],"proline,":[74],"malondialdehyde":[75],"(MDA),":[76],"total":[77,81,84,106],"soluble":[78],"proteins":[79],"(TSPs),":[80],"chlorophyll,":[82],"carotenoids":[85],"to":[86,121,128,137,182,206],"be":[87,207],"22.45-72.32":[88],"\u03bcg/g":[89,95],"FW,":[90,93,96,99,103],"2.41-29.13":[91],"ng/g":[92],"3.21-22.45":[94],"4.173-19.700":[97],"mg/g":[98,102],"0.500-1.260":[101],"respectively.":[104,140],"(TPC),":[109],"reducing":[110],"power,":[111],"DPPH\u00b0":[113],"scavenging":[114],"activity":[115],"(IC50":[116],"values)":[117],"varied":[118],"from":[119,126,135],"6.59":[120],"14.49":[122],"mg":[123],"GAE/g":[124],"DM,":[125],"0.426":[127],"1.944":[129],"(10.0":[130],"mg/mL":[131],"concentration),":[133],"0.506":[136],"1.073":[138],"\u03bcg/mL,":[139],"HPLC":[141],"showed":[143],"that":[144],"application":[146],"PGRs":[148,175],"also":[149],"improved":[150],"individual":[154],"acids":[156],"in":[157],"as":[160,177],"compared":[161],"controls.":[164],"Overall,":[165],"it":[166,205],"was":[167,198],"concluded":[168],"that,":[169],"although":[170],"use":[172],"acted":[176],"an":[178],"elicitor":[179],"respect":[181],"each":[183],"phase":[185],"exhibited":[187,199],"significant":[188],"differences":[189],"(P":[190],"<":[191],"0.05)":[192],"among":[193],"treatments,":[194],"leading":[196],"effect":[197],"by":[200],"MOLE":[202],"treatment,":[203],"proving":[204],"a":[208],"better":[209],"enhancer":[210],"antioxidants":[213],"other":[215],"biochemicals.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}