{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2257831374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","title":"A New Multispectral Imaging System for Examining Paintings","display_name":"A New Multispectral Imaging System for Examining Paintings","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2257831374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","mag":"2257831374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/jist/articles/49/6/art00003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69196262","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","issn_l":"1062-3701","issn":["1062-3701","1943-3522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969257","host_organization_name":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Imaging Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://library.imaging.org/jist/articles/49/6/art00003","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084266597","display_name":"Ha\u00efda Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-406X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-406X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281955477","display_name":"The National Gallery","ror":"https://ror.org/043kfff89","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haida Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062578755","display_name":"David R. Saunders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-6554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-6554","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-912X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281955477","display_name":"The National Gallery","ror":"https://ror.org/043kfff89","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM","Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066500393","display_name":"John Cupitt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281955477","display_name":"The National Gallery","ror":"https://ror.org/043kfff89","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Cupitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM","Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Department, The National Gallery, London, UNITED KINGDOM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1281955477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics and Mathematical Sciences, School of Bio-medical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.4089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9961345,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"6","first_page":"551","last_page":"562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-imaging","display_name":"multispectral imaging","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"painting","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-reflectance","display_name":"spectral reflectance","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigment-identification","display_name":"pigment identification","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underdrawings","display_name":"underdrawings","score":0.953000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.9739284515380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.9575057029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.7382749319076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49453017115592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.47701144218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.46840900182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45030534267425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4270378053188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41785457730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38196447491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.2342606782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21737778186798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2114025056362152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17815175652503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.07945272326469421}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/jist/articles/49/6/art00003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69196262","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","issn_l":"1062-3701","issn":["1062-3701","1943-3522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969257","host_organization_name":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Imaging Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2005.49.6.art00003","pdf_url":"https://library.imaging.org/jist/articles/49/6/art00003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69196262","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","issn_l":"1062-3701","issn":["1062-3701","1943-3522"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969257","host_organization_name":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Imaging Science and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2257831374.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2257831374.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1163984","https://openalex.org/W72551451","https://openalex.org/W2030355043","https://openalex.org/W2058260581","https://openalex.org/W2150969685","https://openalex.org/W2284239051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984609293","https://openalex.org/W2129766807","https://openalex.org/W2109485668","https://openalex.org/W2072070305","https://openalex.org/W1966567057","https://openalex.org/W2032900757","https://openalex.org/W2398932579","https://openalex.org/W3183855672","https://openalex.org/W1789163786","https://openalex.org/W7002250997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"multispectral":[2,93,132],"system":[3,12,69,81],"developed":[4],"at":[5],"the":[6,17,65,68,77,80,104,108,122,131,143,159],"National":[7],"Gallery":[8],"is":[9,13,41,62,70,74,128],"presented.":[10],"The":[11,57,92],"capable":[14],"of":[15,22,67,76,79,86,103,115,142,158],"measuring":[16],"spectral":[18,46],"reflectance":[19],"per":[20],"pixel":[21],"a":[23,38,50,84,113,139,146],"painting.":[24],"These":[25],"spectra":[26,61,116],"are":[27,95,167],"found":[28,106],"to":[29,82,100,137,155],"be":[30,135],"almost":[31],"as":[32,34,162],"accurate":[33],"those":[35],"recorded":[36],"with":[37,112],"spectrophotometer;":[39],"there":[40],"no":[42],"need":[43],"for":[44,59],"any":[45],"reconstruction":[47],"apart":[48],"from":[49,118],"simple":[51],"cubic":[52],"interpolation":[53],"between":[54],"measured":[55],"points.":[56],"procedure":[58],"recording":[60],"described":[63],"and":[64,149,164],"accuracy":[66],"quantified.":[71],"An":[72],"example":[73],"presented":[75],"use":[78],"scan":[83],"painting":[85,109],"St.":[87],"Mary":[88],"Magdalene":[89],"by":[90,110],"Crivelli.":[91],"data":[94,133],"used":[96,136],"in":[97,107,170],"an":[98],"attempt":[99],"identify":[101],"some":[102],"pigments":[105,120],"comparison":[111,152],"library":[114],"obtained":[117],"reference":[119],"using":[121],"same":[123],"system.":[124],"In":[125],"addition,":[126],"it":[127],"shown":[129],"that":[130,150,166],"can":[134,153],"render":[138],"color":[140],"image":[141],"original":[144],"under":[145],"chosen":[147],"illuminant":[148],"interband":[151],"help":[154],"elucidate":[156],"features":[157],"painting,":[160],"such":[161],"retouchings":[163],"underdrawing,":[165],"not":[168],"visible":[169],"trichromatic":[171],"images.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}