{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2254322005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","title":"Retinal ganglion cell neuronal damage in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy","display_name":"Retinal ganglion cell neuronal damage in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2254322005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","mag":"2254322005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26872562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ceo.12724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ceo.12724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95018974","display_name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1442-6404","issn":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ceo.12724","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063088337","display_name":"Dorothy S. K. Ng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy SK Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110261262","display_name":"Peggy PC Chiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peggy PC Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074359287","display_name":"Gavin Siew Wei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5383-7136","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5383-7136"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078487748","display_name":"Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-3516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-3516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CM Gemmy Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032933669","display_name":"Ching\u2010Yu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-885X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-885X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-6074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching\u2010Yu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084913828","display_name":"Carol Yim-lui Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-859X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0869-859X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Y Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072258594","display_name":"Tien Yin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien Y Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034976410","display_name":"Ecosse Luc Lamoureux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-5705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-5705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089625","display_name":"The Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/008q4kt04","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089625"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105949","display_name":"Centre for Eye Research Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01sqdef20","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]}],"countries":["AU","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ecosse L Lamoureux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I4210089625","https://openalex.org/I4210105949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074876120","display_name":"M. Kamran Ikram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799299286","display_name":"Singapore National Eye Center","ror":"https://ror.org/029nvrb94","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116917","display_name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02crz6e12","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126319","display_name":"Duke-NUS Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/02j1m6098","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150261","display_name":"National University Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/05tjjsh18","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad K Ikram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore","Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150261"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210116917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034976410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I2799299286","https://openalex.org/I4210089625","https://openalex.org/I4210105949","https://openalex.org/I4210116917","https://openalex.org/I4210126319"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99004219,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"4","first_page":"243","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8276000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8276000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.1574999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-ganglion-cell-loss","display_name":"retinal ganglion cell death","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ganglion-cell-inner-plexiform-layer-thickness","display_name":"ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-nerve-fiber-layer-thickness","display_name":"retinal nerve fiber layer thickness","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"optical coherence tomography","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8925713896751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.7650784850120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7054228782653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.6034716367721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780592520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4423908","display_name":"Nerve fiber layer","level":3,"score":0.5711091160774231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5652945041656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.536824643611908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781334511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108158","display_name":"Ganglion","level":2,"score":0.5313948392868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5014252662658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781099447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4113797","display_name":"Inner plexiform layer","level":3,"score":0.4811457395553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.43325376510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780188069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4133186","display_name":"Ganglion cell layer","level":3,"score":0.4234985411167145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24033504724502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09179136157035828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.08955177664756775}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009412","descriptor_name":"Nerve Fibers","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012165","descriptor_name":"Retinal Ganglion Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D041623","descriptor_name":"Tomography, Optical Coherence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058452","descriptor_name":"Axial Length, Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ceo.12724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ceo.12724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95018974","display_name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1442-6404","issn":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26872562","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26872562","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical & experimental ophthalmology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/291091","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11343/291091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ceo.12724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12724","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ceo.12724","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95018974","display_name":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","issn_l":"1442-6404","issn":["1442-6404","1442-9071"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2176455653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"08/1/35/19/550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","funder_display_name":"Biomedical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5843173653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(#CG/SERI/2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334737","funder_display_name":"National Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6107143297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NMRC/CG/SERI/2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334737","funder_display_name":"National Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681950725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"08/1/35/19/550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334737","funder_display_name":"National Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7267526003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CG/SERI/2010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","funder_display_name":"Biomedical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334737","display_name":"National Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3cxs03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335846","display_name":"Biomedical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03xy0wx88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2254322005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2254322005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12276332","https://openalex.org/W40331789","https://openalex.org/W47848033","https://openalex.org/W110576239","https://openalex.org/W127872553","https://openalex.org/W1524595668","https://openalex.org/W1559145944","https://openalex.org/W1793681151","https://openalex.org/W1964445339","https://openalex.org/W1970789407","https://openalex.org/W1976491437","https://openalex.org/W1981349401","https://openalex.org/W1988629934","https://openalex.org/W1993968665","https://openalex.org/W1995363602","https://openalex.org/W1995969593","https://openalex.org/W1999688174","https://openalex.org/W2008969601","https://openalex.org/W2010090892","https://openalex.org/W2017629171","https://openalex.org/W2021338387","https://openalex.org/W2024501226","https://openalex.org/W2034384804","https://openalex.org/W2045161931","https://openalex.org/W2045912466","https://openalex.org/W2049668579","https://openalex.org/W2053571200","https://openalex.org/W2056575109","https://openalex.org/W2064818200","https://openalex.org/W2065406623","https://openalex.org/W2065662542","https://openalex.org/W2070568765","https://openalex.org/W2071581482","https://openalex.org/W2081407214","https://openalex.org/W2085631695","https://openalex.org/W2089183158","https://openalex.org/W2100730679","https://openalex.org/W2108833891","https://openalex.org/W2120622135","https://openalex.org/W2133071935","https://openalex.org/W2145239202","https://openalex.org/W2148477686","https://openalex.org/W2151292542","https://openalex.org/W2162377737","https://openalex.org/W2168027472","https://openalex.org/W2169625782","https://openalex.org/W2318506590","https://openalex.org/W2434989288","https://openalex.org/W3134431802","https://openalex.org/W4211205882","https://openalex.org/W4240531687","https://openalex.org/W4290684370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402080681","https://openalex.org/W4405719880","https://openalex.org/W3006292550","https://openalex.org/W2807706508","https://openalex.org/W2045161931","https://openalex.org/W4292084018","https://openalex.org/W2200782074","https://openalex.org/W7167799123","https://openalex.org/W6929160996","https://openalex.org/W2264456633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"the":[3,57],"association":[4],"of":[5,39,46,108],"diabetes":[6,24,231,247],"and":[7,26,74,88,101,112,127,138,232,235,248],"diabetic":[8],"retinopathy":[9],"(DR)":[10],"with":[11,135,163,181,201,211,230],"retinal":[12,90],"ganglion":[13,83],"cell":[14],"(RGC)":[15],"loss.":[16],"DESIGN:":[17],"Observational":[18],"case-control":[19],"study.":[20],"PARTICIPANTS:":[21],"Type":[22],"2":[23],"cases":[25,73,100,109,144,162],"age-gender":[27],"matched":[28],"controls":[29,113,188],"without":[30],"diabetes.":[31],"METHODS:":[32],"Spectral-domain":[33],"optical":[34],"coherence":[35],"tomography":[36],"(OCT)":[37],"parameters":[38,71],"RGCs":[40],"were":[41,140],"calculated":[42],"after":[43],"automated":[44],"segmentation":[45],"macular":[47],"scans.":[48],"DR":[49,165,183,205,213,249],"severity":[50],"was":[51,66,110,114],"graded":[52],"on":[53],"fundus":[54],"photographs":[55],"using":[56,254],"modified":[58],"Airlie":[59],"House":[60],"Classification":[61],"system.":[62],"Generalized":[63],"estimating":[64],"equation":[65],"used":[67],"to":[68],"compare":[69],"OCT":[70],"between":[72],"controls,":[75,136],"adjusted":[76],"for":[77],"covariates.":[78],"MAIN":[79],"OUTCOME":[80],"MEASURES:":[81],"Average":[82],"cell-inner":[84],"plexiform":[85],"layer":[86,93],"(GC-IPL)":[87],"average":[89],"nerve":[91],"fibre":[92],"(RNFL)":[94],"thicknesses.":[95],"RESULTS:":[96],"We":[97],"analyzed":[98],"227":[99,102],"controls.":[103],"The":[104],"mean":[105],"age":[106],"(years)":[107],"58.3":[111],"58.1":[115],"(P":[116],"=":[117],"0.13).":[118],"Among":[119,198],"cases,":[120,199],"101":[121,128],"had":[122,125,129,184,206],"none,":[123],"25":[124],"mild":[126],"moderate":[130,202,239],"or":[131,203,240],"severe":[132,204,241],"DR.":[133,242],"Compared":[134],"GC-IPL":[137,151,170,186,193,208,218],"RNFL":[139,156,175],"thinner":[141,185,207],"in":[142,228,238,246],"all":[143],"[mean":[145,166,189,214],"difference":[146,167,190,215],"(95%":[147,168,191,216],"confidence":[148],"interval":[149],"[CI]):":[150],"-4.49":[152],"\u00b5m":[153,158,172,177,195,220],"(-2.92;":[154],"-6.06),":[155],"-0.93":[157],"(-0.09;":[159],"-1.85)],":[160],"including":[161],"no":[164,212,233],"CI),":[169],"-4.37":[171],"(-2.72;":[173],"-6.02),":[174],"-1.06":[176],"(-0.10;":[178],"-2.02)].":[179],"Cases":[180],"any":[182],"than":[187,209],"CI):":[192,217],"-4.81":[194],"(-2.12;":[196],"-7.50)].":[197],"subjects":[200,210,229],"-2.07":[219],"(-0.08;":[221],"-4.07)].":[222],"CONCLUSIONS:":[223],"RGC":[224,243],"loss":[225],"is":[226,236],"present":[227],"DR,":[234],"progressive":[237],"neuronal":[244],"damage":[245],"can":[250],"be":[251],"clinically":[252],"detected":[253],"OCT.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
