{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2253286124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","title":"Astronomical Observing Conditions at Xinglong Observatory from 2007 to 2014","display_name":"Astronomical Observing Conditions at Xinglong Observatory from 2007 to 2014","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2253286124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","mag":"2253286124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/684369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/684369/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82835231","display_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","issn_l":"0004-6280","issn":["0004-6280","1538-3873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/684369/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729893","display_name":"Jicheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-9932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-9932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Cheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China",".Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":".Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089027978","display_name":"Ge Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-2143","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-2143"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109136825","display_name":"Xiaomeng L\u00fc","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Meng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103888561","display_name":"Zihuang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9675-7896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9675-7896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zi-Huang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385753","display_name":"Chen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-4705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics,Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110303384","display_name":"Yongna Mao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong-Na Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994548","display_name":"Xiaojun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-5376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-5376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Jun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":".Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100729893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72354781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"127","issue":"958","first_page":"1292","last_page":"1306"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing","score":0.6606000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14163","display_name":"Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorological-monitoring","display_name":"weather monitoring","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"wind speed","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-temperature","display_name":"air temperature","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seeing","display_name":"seeing","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky-brightness","display_name":"sky brightness","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-pollution","display_name":"light pollution","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-light-pollution","display_name":"urban light pollution","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lamost","display_name":"LAMOST","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zenith-angle","display_name":"zenith angle","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-image-motion-monitor","display_name":"differential image motion monitor","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky-quality-meter","display_name":"Sky Quality Meter","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-weather-station","display_name":"automatic weather station","score":0.7229999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.8938239812850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213","display_name":"Telescope","level":2,"score":0.6111594438552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68271606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625648","display_name":"Photometry (optics)","level":3,"score":0.6063265800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513326","display_name":"LAMOST","level":3,"score":0.5727759599685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5610125660896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5171329379081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202572682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35273","display_name":"Optical telescope","level":3,"score":0.49527135491371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.4593127369880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4137348234653473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.29162663221359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12169033288955688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/684369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/684369/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82835231","display_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","issn_l":"0004-6280","issn":["0004-6280","1538-3873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1601.08114","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.08114","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1601.08114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1601.08114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1601.08114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1601.08114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/684369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/684369","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/684369/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82835231","display_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","issn_l":"0004-6280","issn":["0004-6280","1538-3873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4649444836","display_name":"\u5229\u7528\u661f\u56e2\u7814\u7a76\u661f\u7cfbM31\u548cM33\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b","funder_award_id":"11373003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2253286124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2253286124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1846772308","https://openalex.org/W1925531951","https://openalex.org/W1964047828","https://openalex.org/W1968151437","https://openalex.org/W1981869184","https://openalex.org/W2003512726","https://openalex.org/W2008625783","https://openalex.org/W2010815931","https://openalex.org/W2017051865","https://openalex.org/W2017316966","https://openalex.org/W2022591129","https://openalex.org/W2030154533","https://openalex.org/W2031984110","https://openalex.org/W2039535385","https://openalex.org/W2048735438","https://openalex.org/W2060561303","https://openalex.org/W2070678110","https://openalex.org/W2090405021","https://openalex.org/W2095512381","https://openalex.org/W2096767096","https://openalex.org/W2105210656","https://openalex.org/W2130827556","https://openalex.org/W2142238829","https://openalex.org/W2145417137","https://openalex.org/W2146321615","https://openalex.org/W2155488926","https://openalex.org/W2157929741","https://openalex.org/W2166197958","https://openalex.org/W2198586795","https://openalex.org/W3099723052","https://openalex.org/W3106430751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109302877","https://openalex.org/W2096767096","https://openalex.org/W1964047828","https://openalex.org/W2362632336","https://openalex.org/W7097244040","https://openalex.org/W2095512381","https://openalex.org/W4362660571","https://openalex.org/W3015087819","https://openalex.org/W2755549831","https://openalex.org/W4412698110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Xinglong":[0,94,385,402],"Observatory":[1,95,386,403],"of":[2,9,14,68,80,90,100,170,193,207,222,258,271,287,331,344,349,370,373,397],"the":[3,15,27,37,65,69,74,88,98,107,138,164,174,187,191,194,248,280,293,307,328,332,342,353,371,377,398,411],"National":[4],"Astronomical":[5],"Observatories,":[6],"Chinese":[7],"Academy":[8],"Sciences":[10],"(NAOC),":[11],"is":[12,46,61,309,387],"one":[13],"major":[16],"optical":[17,24],"observatories":[18],"in":[19,71,204,234],"China,":[20],"which":[21,181],"hosts":[22],"nine":[23],"telescopes":[25,45],"including":[26],"Large":[28],"Sky":[29,294,323,363],"Area":[30],"Multi-Object":[31],"Fiber":[32],"Spectroscopic":[33],"Telescope":[34],"(LAMOST)":[35],"and":[36,51,56,103,130,141,166,179,190,210,215,225,240,255,266,298,315,337,376,418],"2.16":[38],"m":[39,147,156],"reflector.":[40],"Scientific":[41],"research":[42],"from":[43,109,117,143,292],"these":[44,81],"focused":[47],"on":[48,97,413],"stars,":[49],"galaxies,":[50],"exoplanets":[52],"using":[53,247],"multicolor":[54],"photometry":[55],"spectroscopic":[57,211,226],"observations.":[58,201,300,394],"Therefore,":[59],"it":[60],"important":[62],"to":[63,73,111,145,237,327,357,410],"provide":[64],"observing":[66,91,399,416],"conditions":[67,92,400],"site,":[70],"detail,":[72],"astronomers":[75],"for":[76,392],"an":[77,347],"efficient":[78],"use":[79],"facilities.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"article,":[85],"we":[86],"present":[87],"characterization":[89],"at":[93,196,306,346,401],"based":[96],"monitoring":[99],"meteorology,":[101],"seeing":[102,259,274],"sky":[104,288,304,354],"brightness":[105,289,305,324,355,364],"during":[106,137,163],"period":[108,139],"2007":[110],"2014.":[112],"Meteorological":[113,127],"data":[114],"were":[115,245],"collected":[116],"a":[118,229,319,389,408],"commercial":[119],"Automatic":[120],"Weather":[121],"Station":[122],"(AWS),":[123],"calibrated":[124],"by":[125,185],"China":[126],"Administration.":[128],"Mean":[129,254],"median":[131,256],"wind":[132,153],"speed":[133,154],"are":[134,213,263,276,290],"almost":[135],"constant":[136],"analyzed":[140],"ranged":[142],"1.0":[144],"3.5":[146],"s":[148,157],"-1":[149,158],".":[150,362],"However,":[151],"high":[152,241],"(\u226515":[155],")":[159],"interrupts":[160],"observations,":[161],"mainly,":[162],"winter":[165],"spring.":[167],"Statistical":[168],"analysis":[169,396],"air":[171],"temperature":[172,175],"showed":[173],"difference":[176],"between":[177],"daytime":[178],"nighttime,":[180],"can":[182,351,404],"be":[183,405],"solved":[184],"opening":[186],"ventilation":[188],"device":[189],"slit":[192],"dome":[195],"least":[197],"1":[198,261],"hr":[199],"before":[200],"Analysis":[202,301],"resulted":[203],"average":[205],"percentage":[206],"photometric":[208,223,299],"nights":[209,212,224,227,272],"32%":[214],"63%":[216],"per":[217],"year,":[218],"respectively.":[219,268],"The":[220,285,380],"distribution":[221,281],"has":[228],"significant":[230],"seasonal":[231],"tendency,":[232],"worse":[233],"summer":[235],"due":[236,326],"clouds,":[238],"dust,":[239],"humidity.":[242],"Seeing":[243],"measurements":[244,286],"obtained":[246],"Differential":[249],"Image":[250],"Motion":[251],"Monitor":[252],"(DIMM).":[253],"values":[257,275],"over":[260],"year":[262],"around":[264,283,310],"1.9''":[265],"1.7'',":[267],"Eighty":[269],"percent":[270],"with":[273,318],"below":[277],"2.6'',":[278],"whereas":[279],"peaks":[282],"1.8''.":[284],"acquired":[291],"Quality":[295],"Meter":[296],"(SQM)":[297],"shows":[302],"that":[303,384],"zenith":[308,321],"21.1":[311],"mag":[312,359],"arcsec":[313,360],"-2":[314,361],"becomes":[316],"brighter":[317],"larger":[320],"angle.":[322],"increases":[325],"light":[329],"pollution":[330],"surrounding":[333],"cities,":[334],"Beijing,":[335,345],"Tangshan,":[336],"Chengde.":[338],"Significant":[339],"influence":[340,372],"toward":[341],"direction":[343],"altitude":[348],"30\u00b0,":[350],"increase":[352],"up":[356],"20.0":[358],"reduces":[365],"after":[366],"midnight,":[367],"mainly":[368],"because":[369],"city":[374],"lights":[375],"artificial":[378],"acts.":[379],"above":[381],"results":[382],"suggest":[383],"still":[388],"good":[390],"site":[391],"astronomical":[393],"Our":[395],"used":[406],"as":[407],"reference":[409],"observers":[412],"targets":[414],"selection,":[415],"strategy,":[417],"telescope":[419],"operation.":[420]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}