{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252641885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","title":"A CENTURY OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN SOUTH AFRICA; IN SEARCH OF THE LEGACY OF JOHN D. F. GILCHRIST","display_name":"A CENTURY OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN SOUTH AFRICA; IN SEARCH OF THE LEGACY OF JOHN D. F. GILCHRIST","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252641885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","mag":"2252641885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00359199709520616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65748003","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa","issn_l":"0035-919X","issn":["0035-919X","2154-0098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111827585","display_name":"J. R. E. Lutjeharms","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. E. Lutjeharms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Private Bag 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa E-mail: johann@physci.uct.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Private Bag 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa E-mail: johann@physci.uct.ac.za","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110557347","display_name":"L. V. Shannon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-0636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-0636"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. V. Shannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Private Bag X2, 8012, Rogge Bay, South Africa E-mail: shirley@physci.uct.ac.za"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Private Bag X2, 8012, Rogge Bay, South Africa E-mail: shirley@physci.uct.ac.za","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6436,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86405883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7631999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.06949999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.037300001829862595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agulhas-current","display_name":"Agulhas Current","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benguela-current","display_name":"Benguela Current","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/council-of-scientific-and-industrial-research","display_name":"CSIR","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-indian-ocean-expedition","display_name":"International Indian Ocean Expedition","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-geophysical-year","display_name":"International Geophysical Year","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanographic-research-funding","display_name":"oceanographic research funding","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fisheries-research","display_name":"fisheries research","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antarctic-research","display_name":"Antarctic research","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-institutions","display_name":"research institutions","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.5428573489189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5079033970832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991903675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Marine research","level":2,"score":0.4628438651561737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4398472011089325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.42875584959983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.412319153547287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3797343671321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.32524925470352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.25413191318511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2185966968536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14084741473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09998342394828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00359199709520616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00359199709520616","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65748003","display_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa","issn_l":"0035-919X","issn":["0035-919X","2154-0098"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5769000053405762,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18174722","https://openalex.org/W214229901","https://openalex.org/W401515154","https://openalex.org/W429495095","https://openalex.org/W586314955","https://openalex.org/W599976627","https://openalex.org/W609319613","https://openalex.org/W612009216","https://openalex.org/W636959085","https://openalex.org/W645680813","https://openalex.org/W656197281","https://openalex.org/W657169467","https://openalex.org/W1502462844","https://openalex.org/W1506055161","https://openalex.org/W1506197563","https://openalex.org/W1575716927","https://openalex.org/W1583776052","https://openalex.org/W1585635803","https://openalex.org/W1606724231","https://openalex.org/W1614789130","https://openalex.org/W1635908807","https://openalex.org/W1673720249","https://openalex.org/W1966428263","https://openalex.org/W1971536038","https://openalex.org/W1973872850","https://openalex.org/W1974326005","https://openalex.org/W1974773703","https://openalex.org/W1979930769","https://openalex.org/W1980451509","https://openalex.org/W1981357374","https://openalex.org/W1981386117","https://openalex.org/W1981875888","https://openalex.org/W1985307993","https://openalex.org/W1985607769","https://openalex.org/W1989109932","https://openalex.org/W1990677817","https://openalex.org/W1991189709","https://openalex.org/W1993609481","https://openalex.org/W1995237313","https://openalex.org/W2002624945","https://openalex.org/W2008488304","https://openalex.org/W2009440980","https://openalex.org/W2009792728","https://openalex.org/W2018663920","https://openalex.org/W2019382135","https://openalex.org/W2025955860","https://openalex.org/W2029326422","https://openalex.org/W2029540169","https://openalex.org/W2035158488","https://openalex.org/W2039150819","https://openalex.org/W2039293293","https://openalex.org/W2040030234","https://openalex.org/W2041721223","https://openalex.org/W2048747697","https://openalex.org/W2049000326","https://openalex.org/W2052450279","https://openalex.org/W2059698144","https://openalex.org/W2063311254","https://openalex.org/W2063429016","https://openalex.org/W2064357836","https://openalex.org/W2066029532","https://openalex.org/W2073977052","https://openalex.org/W2083474632","https://openalex.org/W2085180724","https://openalex.org/W2085357131","https://openalex.org/W2085990371","https://openalex.org/W2087715479","https://openalex.org/W2090362083","https://openalex.org/W2091888384","https://openalex.org/W2092075957","https://openalex.org/W2093105294","https://openalex.org/W2109758990","https://openalex.org/W2112338133","https://openalex.org/W2146762829","https://openalex.org/W2148411653","https://openalex.org/W2149491975","https://openalex.org/W2286933363","https://openalex.org/W2314325124","https://openalex.org/W2316100656","https://openalex.org/W2320490850","https://openalex.org/W2320629204","https://openalex.org/W2324691427","https://openalex.org/W2325397400","https://openalex.org/W2389204034","https://openalex.org/W2407070387","https://openalex.org/W2522761461","https://openalex.org/W2797851967","https://openalex.org/W2801024962","https://openalex.org/W2915113965","https://openalex.org/W3021305049","https://openalex.org/W4214828852","https://openalex.org/W4232293902","https://openalex.org/W4239785524","https://openalex.org/W4255791196","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4386741562","https://openalex.org/W4386743932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002624945","https://openalex.org/W2046755199","https://openalex.org/W1989109932","https://openalex.org/W4229522236","https://openalex.org/W7220779776","https://openalex.org/W2407070387","https://openalex.org/W7220788892","https://openalex.org/W609319613","https://openalex.org/W2109758990","https://openalex.org/W1996224696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"Investigations":[1],"on":[2,25,137,288],"the":[3,7,26,58,62,81,96,101,107,114,117,125,150,156,159,166,174,179,189,222,225,228,231,233,309,332,338,347,353,361],"physical":[4,38,66,335,371],"behaviour":[5],"of":[6,17,36,53,116,127,145,158,176,204,214,230,277,297,305,308,320,334,349],"oceans":[8],"bordering":[9],"South":[10,43,69,91,118,138,146,205,237,292,342],"Africa":[11,44,70],"have":[12,281,302,366],"gone":[13],"through":[14],"a":[15,37,133,194,212,215,259,368],"number":[16],"distinct":[18],"historical":[19],"phases,":[20],"starting":[21],"with":[22,155],"exploratory":[23],"work":[24,35,77,351],"Agulhas":[27],"Current":[28],"as":[29,31,211],"early":[30,153],"1778.":[32],"The":[33,87,142,294],"first":[34],"nature":[39],"that":[40,245,265,280,315,346,360],"derived":[41],"from":[42,95],"itself":[45],"was":[46,71,78,256],"done":[47],"by":[48,73,80,165,258,330],"John":[49,298],"Gilchrist":[50,299],"in":[51,106,200,218,221,236,251,263,291,341,352,370],"support":[52],"his":[54,328,350],"fisheries":[55],"investigations.":[56],"In":[57,224,323],"period":[59],"following,":[60],"before":[61],"Second":[63],"World":[64],"War,":[65],"research":[67,129,177,186,239,253,295,307],"near":[68],"dominated":[72],"German":[74],"endeavours.":[75],"That":[76],"terminated":[79],"war":[82],"and":[83,100,109,131,152,170,193,202,241,274],"not":[84,247,356],"resumed":[85],"afterwards.":[86],"greatest":[88],"stimulus":[89],"for":[90,122,163,168,272],"African":[92,119,147,206],"oceanology":[93],"came":[94,227],"International":[97,102],"Geophysical":[98],"Year":[99],"Indian":[103],"Ocean":[104],"Expedition":[105],"1950s":[108],"1960s.":[110],"It":[111],"led":[112],"to":[113,132,283,301,318,326,373],"formation":[115],"National":[120,160],"Committee":[121],"Oceanographic":[123],"Research,":[124],"construction":[126],"state-of-the-art":[128],"vessels":[130],"whole":[134],"new":[135,260],"vision":[136],"Africa's":[139,238],"ocean":[140],"environment.":[141],"golden":[143],"years":[144],"oceanography":[148,273,336,372],"were":[149,316],"1970s":[151],"1980s,":[154],"establishment":[157],"Research":[161,172,182,197],"Institute":[162],"Oceanology":[164],"Council":[167],"Scientific":[169],"Industrial":[171],"(CSIR),":[173],"blossoming":[175],"at":[178,313],"Sea":[180],"Fisheries":[181],"Institute,":[183],"strong":[184],"national":[185],"programmes,":[187],"including":[188],"Benguela":[190],"Ecology":[191],"Programme,":[192],"vigorous":[195],"Antarctic":[196],"Programme.":[198],"Growth":[199],"knowledge":[201],"understanding":[203],"waters":[207],"increased":[208],"rapidly,":[209],"partially":[210],"result":[213],"simultaneous":[216],"growth":[217],"international":[219,252],"interest":[220],"region.":[223],"1980s":[226],"commercialization":[229],"CSIR,":[232],"rapid":[234],"shrinkage":[235],"fleet,":[240],"restructured":[242],"funding":[243,271],"mechanisms":[244],"did":[246,355],"directly":[248],"encourage":[249],"participation":[250],"programmes.":[254],"This":[255],"followed":[257],"political":[261],"dispensation":[262],"1994":[264],"has":[266],"brought":[267],"about":[268],"substantially":[269],"reduced":[270],"also":[275],"elements":[276],"social":[278],"engineering":[279],"still":[282],"show":[284],"their":[285],"future":[286],"effect":[287],"oceanographic":[289],"science":[290],"Africa.":[293],"philosophy":[296],"seems":[300],"been":[303],"one":[304],"basic":[306],"highest":[310],"quality,":[311],"directed":[312],"problems":[314],"deemed":[317],"be":[319],"economic":[321],"importance.":[322],"an":[324],"attempt":[325],"trace":[327],"legacy":[329],"studying":[331],"history":[333],"during":[337],"past":[339],"century":[340],"Africa,":[343],"we":[344],"find":[345],"influence":[348],"field":[354],"last":[357],"long,":[358],"but":[359],"institutions":[362],"he":[363],"helped":[364],"establish":[365],"maintained":[367],"standing":[369],"this":[374],"day.":[375]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}