{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250010258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","title":"Studying Diesel Combustion With The Cathode Ray Indicator","display_name":"Studying Diesel Combustion With The Cathode Ray Indicator","publication_year":1948,"publication_date":"1948-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250010258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","mag":"2250010258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/480109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062599168","display_name":"Walter C. Hadley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"WALTER C. HADLEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090092441","display_name":"J. R. Hudnall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. HUDNALL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113563127","display_name":"A. E. Traver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. E. TRAVER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Socony-Vacuum Laboratories, Technical Service Department","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-combustion","display_name":"diesel engine combustion","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion-visualization","display_name":"combustion visualization","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-combustion-analysis","display_name":"engine combustion analysis","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.7226155400276184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.6344143748283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.6308836936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.4009523093700409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3838607668876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37486445903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34486520290374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3368481397628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23630866408348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18913307785987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.15542742609977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/480109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/480109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2265288054","https://openalex.org/W2242175790","https://openalex.org/W2269960947","https://openalex.org/W2009977764","https://openalex.org/W2077926238","https://openalex.org/W2246485877","https://openalex.org/W2228595481","https://openalex.org/W2301690895","https://openalex.org/W2245311613","https://openalex.org/W1549260006"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
