{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2249085337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","title":"Do animal size, seasons and vegetation type influence detection probability and density estimates of Serengeti ungulates?","display_name":"Do animal size, seasons and vegetation type influence detection probability and density estimates of Serengeti ungulates?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2249085337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","mag":"2249085337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/aje.12255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14053799","display_name":"African Journal of Ecology","issn_l":"0141-6707","issn":["0141-6707","1365-2028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082793422","display_name":"John Kija Bukombe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2629","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13751521","display_name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04sv7km52","country_code":"TZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13751521","https://openalex.org/I4210090898"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Bukombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13751521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110133165","display_name":"Ramadhani B. M. Senzota","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182078086","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","ror":"https://ror.org/0479aed98","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramadhani B. Senzota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, PO Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182078086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028044562","display_name":"John M. Fryxell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-8747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5278-8747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79817857","display_name":"University of Guelph","ror":"https://ror.org/01r7awg59","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Fryxell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79817857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032038185","display_name":"Andrew Marten Kittle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-4766"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Kittle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilderness & Wildlife Conservation Trust No. 130, Reid Avenue, Colombo 04 Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilderness & Wildlife Conservation Trust No. 130, Reid Avenue, Colombo 04 Sri Lanka","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045055399","display_name":"Hamza Khalid Kija","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-4357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-4357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13751521","display_name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04sv7km52","country_code":"TZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13751521","https://openalex.org/I4210090898"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Kija","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13751521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066130055","display_name":"J. Grant C. Hopcraft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Grant C. Hopcraft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011688154","display_name":"Simon Mduma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-9501","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-9501"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13751521","display_name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04sv7km52","country_code":"TZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13751521","https://openalex.org/I4210090898"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Mduma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, PO Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13751521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112095472","display_name":"ANTHONY R. E. SINCLAIR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony R. E. Sinclair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biodiversity Research, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6TIZ4 Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biodiversity Research, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6TIZ4 Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082793422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13751521"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75869426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"1","first_page":"29","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13546","display_name":"Census and Population Estimation","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-probability","display_name":"detection probability","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density-estimation","display_name":"population density estimation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ungulates","display_name":"ungulates","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-size","display_name":"animal size","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-cover","display_name":"vegetation cover","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migratory-ungulates","display_name":"migratory ungulates","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impala","display_name":"impala","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topi","display_name":"topi","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buffalo","display_name":"buffalo","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildebeest","display_name":"wildebeest","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zebra","display_name":"zebra","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-transect-sampling","display_name":"line transect survey","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-method","display_name":"distance method","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serengeti","display_name":"Serengeti","score":0.8230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778208748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231177","display_name":"Ungulate","level":3,"score":0.96512770652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7609","display_name":"Wildebeest","level":3,"score":0.7973678112030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69661492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1447141","display_name":"Transect","level":2,"score":0.6880213022232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.5936994552612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5116093754768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199733313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22856","display_name":"Population density","level":3,"score":0.4515584409236908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.43091896176338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.42853277921676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4186277389526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.40875446796417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.33856624364852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2995684742927551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29195520281791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.2613294720649719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.20232358574867249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1500951051712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/aje.12255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12255","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14053799","display_name":"African Journal of Ecology","issn_l":"0141-6707","issn":["0141-6707","1365-2028"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:130392","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/130392/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405259220","host_organization_name":"Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259220"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323478","display_name":"Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03e04g978"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335072","display_name":"Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04sv7km52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526861748","https://openalex.org/W1977334779","https://openalex.org/W1982419557","https://openalex.org/W1988033736","https://openalex.org/W1990099486","https://openalex.org/W1999519592","https://openalex.org/W2006073684","https://openalex.org/W2010356209","https://openalex.org/W2010674525","https://openalex.org/W2013640412","https://openalex.org/W2029119327","https://openalex.org/W2068436808","https://openalex.org/W2083998502","https://openalex.org/W2092041211","https://openalex.org/W2099834775","https://openalex.org/W2100323608","https://openalex.org/W2103964352","https://openalex.org/W2118924720","https://openalex.org/W2123865159","https://openalex.org/W2131763728","https://openalex.org/W2132337929","https://openalex.org/W2138288631","https://openalex.org/W2138289758","https://openalex.org/W2146419435","https://openalex.org/W2146462381","https://openalex.org/W2148083542","https://openalex.org/W2150195977","https://openalex.org/W2150466677","https://openalex.org/W2153399455","https://openalex.org/W2163754028","https://openalex.org/W2168312622","https://openalex.org/W2170170626","https://openalex.org/W2170761208","https://openalex.org/W2315121343","https://openalex.org/W2315783261","https://openalex.org/W2333578678","https://openalex.org/W2593139969","https://openalex.org/W4238536565","https://openalex.org/W4238689647","https://openalex.org/W4255090010","https://openalex.org/W4388284247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143897459","https://openalex.org/W2148083542","https://openalex.org/W2597469583","https://openalex.org/W2755148650","https://openalex.org/W2152357582","https://openalex.org/W2170346797","https://openalex.org/W2079629719","https://openalex.org/W145795639","https://openalex.org/W6927391878","https://openalex.org/W2745902879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Accurate":[1],"detection":[2,35,171],"of":[3,8,16,29,34,92,101,114,123,170],"individual":[4],"animals":[5],"and":[6,37,67,69,73,75,80,128,136,172,192,196],"estimation":[7],"ungulate":[9,41],"population":[10],"density":[11,38,173],"might":[12],"be":[13],"a":[14,120],"function":[15],"vegetation":[17,126],"cover,":[18],"animal":[19,124,157],"size,":[20,125],"observation":[21,90,129,137],"radius":[22,130,138],"or":[23],"season.":[24],"We":[25],"assessed":[26],"the":[27,102,117,132,164],"effect":[28,152],"these":[30],"factors":[31],"on":[32,131,163],"estimates":[33,169],"probability":[36],"using":[39,55,77,184],"five":[40],"species":[42,64],"in":[43,154],"Western":[44],"Serengeti":[45],"National":[46],"Park,":[47],"Tanzania.":[48],"Estimates":[49],"were":[50],"derived":[51],"from":[52],"information":[53],"collected":[54],"ground":[56,86,191],"surveys":[57,87,109,183],"involving":[58],"line":[59],"transects":[60],"targeting":[61],"three":[62],"resident":[63],"(impala,":[65],"topi":[66],"buffalo)":[68],"two":[70],"migrants":[71],"(wildebeest":[72],"zebra)":[74],"analysed":[76],"DISTANCE,":[78],"MANOVA,t\u2010test":[79],"Pearson":[81],"correlation.":[82],"Results":[83],"showed":[84],"that":[85,88,182],"take":[89],"radii":[91],"100":[93,106],"m":[94,107],"would":[95,110],"appreciably":[96],"estimate":[97],"at":[98],"least":[99],"80%":[100],"available":[103],"ungulates.":[104],"Beyond":[105],"radii,":[108],"leave":[111],"approximately":[112],"43%":[113],"individuals":[115],"undetected,":[116],"reason":[118],"being":[119],"substantial":[121],"influence":[122],"cover":[127],"detection.":[133],"Animal":[134],"size":[135,158],"have":[139,150,159],"interactive":[140],"effects.":[141],"On":[142],"their":[143],"own":[144],"seasonal":[145],"differences,":[146],"they":[147],"do":[148],"not":[149],"any":[151],"but":[153],"interaction":[155],"with":[156],"significant":[160],"effects":[161],"especially":[162],"migrant":[165],"species.":[166],"As":[167],"reliable":[168],"are":[174],"required":[175],"for":[176],"making":[177],"reasonable":[178],"inferences,":[179],"we":[180],"urge":[181],"DISTANCE":[185],"approach":[186],"should":[187],"consider":[188],"incorporating":[189],"both":[190],"aerial":[193],"survey":[194],"methods":[195],"ensure":[197],"adequate":[198],"sample":[199],"replication.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
