{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2248658388","doi":null,"title":"Malaria and ecosystems: from prehistory to posteradication.","display_name":"Malaria and ecosystems: from prehistory to posteradication.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2248658388","mag":"2248658388","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7898962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parassitologia","raw_type":"Historical Article"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015507571","display_name":"J DE ZULUETA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J de Zulueta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015507571"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1-2","first_page":"7","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10166","display_name":"Mosquito-borne diseases and control","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria","display_name":"malaria","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quaternary-glaciation","display_name":"Quaternary glaciation","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-labranchiae","display_name":"Anopheles labranchiae","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-sacharovi","display_name":"Anopheles sacharovi","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anopheles-stephensi","display_name":"Anopheles stephensi","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium-falciparum","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-vectors","display_name":"malaria vectors","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-and-disease-transmission","display_name":"climate and disease transmission","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-eradication","display_name":"malaria eradication","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddt","display_name":"DDT","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-change","display_name":"agricultural change","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-conditions","display_name":"social conditions","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-malaria","display_name":"history of malaria","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.6987453699111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.5637187957763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.539932131767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15739521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602963","display_name":"Glacial period","level":2,"score":0.5172141790390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781375639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158597","display_name":"Anopheles","level":3,"score":0.47342970967292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4044651985168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34562790393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3279576897621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2748289406299591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.19882342219352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.10254395008087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000852","descriptor_name":"Anopheles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002980","descriptor_name":"Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009656","descriptor_name":"North America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010961","descriptor_name":"Plasmodium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7898962","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Parassitologia","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"mag:2248658388","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7898962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410740413","https://openalex.org/W1970401245","https://openalex.org/W2130427661","https://openalex.org/W7097919678","https://openalex.org/W4388497131","https://openalex.org/W2899380042","https://openalex.org/W2319754297","https://openalex.org/W2227741937","https://openalex.org/W1190664921","https://openalex.org/W4407857008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"malaria":[1,41,145],"originated":[2],"in":[3,17,34,100,123,137,148,169,196,200],"tropical":[4],"areas":[5],"of":[6,40,51,62,79,90,105,113,128,132,144,166,185],"the":[7,11,18,38,58,74,77,80,88,91,101,116,126,133,138,151,167,183,201],"Old":[8],"World":[9],"but":[10,119],"Pleistocene":[12],"glaciations":[13],"delayed":[14,87],"its":[15,63],"spread":[16,72,89,98,127],"Northern":[19],"Hemisphere.":[20],"The":[21,140,163],"last":[22,117],"glaciation":[23,118],"produced":[24],"temperatures":[25,46],"9":[26],"degrees":[27],"C":[28],"lower":[29],"than":[30,181],"those":[31,50,178],"prevailing":[32],"today":[33,52],"Southern":[35],"Europe,":[36],"making":[37],"transmission":[39],"there":[42],"virtually":[43],"impossible.":[44],"When":[45],"approximately":[47],"equal":[48],"to":[49,73,83,108,155,177,182,194],"were":[53,192],"reached":[54],"10,000":[55],"years":[56],"ago,":[57],"disease":[59,168],"and":[60,69,103,159,171,187],"some":[61],"most":[64,134],"effective":[65,135],"vectors,":[66],"Anopheles":[67],"labranchiae":[68],"A.":[70,129],"sacharovi,":[71],"North":[75,172],"although":[76],"refractoriness":[78],"European":[81],"vectors":[82,136],"Pasmodium":[84],"falciparum":[85],"probably":[86],"malignant":[92],"tertian":[93],"parasites.":[94],"Malaria":[95],"may":[96],"have":[97,121],"earlier":[99],"Levant":[102],"parts":[104],"Asia,":[106],"due":[107,154,175],"a":[109],"less":[110],"marked":[111],"drop":[112],"temperature":[114],"during":[115,150],"we":[120],"witnessed":[122],"contemporary":[124],"times":[125],"stephensi,":[130],"one":[131],"area.":[139],"first":[141],"noticeable":[142],"decline":[143],"was":[146,174],"seen":[147],"Europe":[149,170],"nineteenth":[152],"century":[153],"new":[156],"agricultural":[157],"practices":[158],"changed":[160,179],"social":[161],"conditions.":[162],"final":[164],"disappearance":[165],"America":[173],"more":[176],"conditions":[180],"use":[184],"DDT":[186],"other":[188],"residual":[189],"insecticides":[190],"which":[191],"going":[193],"fall":[195],"so-called":[197],"eradication":[198],"campaigns":[199],"Third":[202],"World.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
