{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2245446780","doi":null,"title":"STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING LEVELS OF WALKING AND BICYCLING FOR UTILITARIAN PURPOSES","display_name":"STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING LEVELS OF WALKING AND BICYCLING FOR UTILITARIAN PURPOSES","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2245446780","mag":"2245446780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2245446780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/160015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041598244","display_name":"F O Robinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F O Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071354427","display_name":"Jerry L. Edwards","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerry L. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076225651","display_name":"Carl E Ohrn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl E Ohrn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"743","issue":"743","first_page":"38","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walking","display_name":"walking","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling","display_name":"cycling","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonmotorized-travel","display_name":"nonmotorized travel","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-incentives","display_name":"travel incentives","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-choice","display_name":"mode choice","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-preference","display_name":"mode preference","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-infrastructure","display_name":"pedestrian infrastructure","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-infrastructure","display_name":"cycling infrastructure","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-price-increase","display_name":"fuel price increase","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transit-ridership","display_name":"transit ridership","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-behavior","display_name":"travel behavior","score":0.5899999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8229204416275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.705374538898468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6557580828666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776017872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3226683","display_name":"Mode choice","level":3,"score":0.5732288956642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5143629312515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.5087915062904358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4919721782207489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144072006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4462116","display_name":"Travel behavior","level":2,"score":0.4873100519180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323737","display_name":"Revealed preference","level":2,"score":0.4537303149700165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.44550246000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778207038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434630","display_name":"Vehicle miles of travel","level":2,"score":0.4221823811531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.29628148674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24924516677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1746349334716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.07993113994598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2245446780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/160015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964303516","https://openalex.org/W6986824876","https://openalex.org/W2964831453","https://openalex.org/W2004210551","https://openalex.org/W2291794647","https://openalex.org/W2167972493","https://openalex.org/W2413937078","https://openalex.org/W766591190","https://openalex.org/W1599590564","https://openalex.org/W2320812932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,60],"paper":[1,61],"reports":[2],"the":[3,41,54,57,68,75,102,155,163,171,194,205,218,225,229],"results":[4,70],"of":[5,9,37,43,56,67,77,97,104,113,132,157,196,204,220,228],"an":[6,65],"extensive":[7],"survey":[8,15,69,144],"motorized":[10],"and":[11,30,45,51,80,86,89,115,134,137,159,175,178,235],"nonmotorized":[12,214],"travel.":[13],"The":[14,107,143],"was":[16],"conducted":[17],"in":[18,92,99,140,183],"connection":[19],"with":[20,28,130,154],"a":[21,34,148,168],"study":[22],"to":[23,39,64,74,101,173,202,209,213,223],"(a)":[24,78,111],"identify":[25,33],"problems":[26],"associated":[27],"walking":[29,44,174,234],"bicycling,":[31],"(b)":[32,83,118],"wide":[35],"range":[36],"incentives":[38,58],"promote":[40],"use":[42,122,151,189],"bicycling":[46],"for":[47,94,166,232],"utilitarian":[48],"trip":[49,79],"purposes,":[50],"(c)":[52,90,126],"establish":[53],"cost-effectiveness":[55],"identified.":[59],"limits":[62],"itself":[63],"analysis":[66],"as":[71],"they":[72],"relate":[73],"topics":[76],"trip-maker":[81],"characteristics,":[82],"mode":[84,87],"choice":[85],"preference,":[88],"changes":[91],"preference":[93],"alternative":[95],"modes":[96],"travel":[98],"response":[100],"implementation":[103],"selected":[105],"scenarios.":[106],"scenarios":[108],"tested":[109],"were":[110],"provision":[112,131,156],"bicycle":[114,135,160],"pedestrian":[116,133,158,179],"facilities,":[117,136,161],"fee":[119,186],"on":[120,187],"automobile":[121,172,188,198],"during":[123,190],"peak":[124,191],"periods,":[125],"compact":[127,149],"land-use":[128],"setting":[129],"(d)":[138],"increases":[139],"fuel":[141,221],"prices.":[142],"responses":[145],"indicate":[146],"that":[147],"land-":[150],"arrangement,":[152],"combined":[153],"has":[162,193],"greatest":[164],"potential":[165],"creating":[167],"shift":[169],"from":[170],"bicycling.":[176,236],"Bicycle":[177],"facilities":[180],"alone":[181],"follow":[182],"importance.":[184],"A":[185],"periods":[192],"effect":[195],"reducing":[197],"use;":[199],"however,":[200],"one-third":[201],"one-half":[203],"trips":[206],"diverted":[207],"go":[208],"transit":[210],"rather":[211],"than":[212],"modes.":[215],"Finally,":[216],"doubling":[217],"price":[219],"appears":[222],"be":[224],"least":[226],"effective":[227],"strategies":[230],"analyzed":[231],"increasing":[233],"(Authors)":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}