{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2243974447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","title":"Energy in WTO law and policy","display_name":"Energy in WTO law and policy","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2243974447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","mag":"2243974447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Prospects of International Trade Regulation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1944711252","display_name":"The Prospects of International Trade Regulation"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072083977","display_name":"Thomas Cottier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285402005","display_name":"World Trade Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqs4n40","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285402005"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Cottier","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Trade Institute","University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Trade Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285402005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005453274","display_name":"Garba Ibrahim Malumfashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garba Malumfashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dundee, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036338980","display_name":"Sofya Matteotti-Berkutova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofya Matteotti-Berkutova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042330124","display_name":"Olga Nartova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Nartova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040254224","display_name":"Jo\u00eblle de S\u00e9pibus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00eblle De S\u00e9pibus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021472028","display_name":"Sadeq Z. Bigdeli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadeq Z. Bigdeli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.4014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99557508,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13758","display_name":"Energy Law and Policy","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-regulation","display_name":"energy regulation","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-law","display_name":"WTO law","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-subsidies","display_name":"energy subsidies","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"emissions trading","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-controls","display_name":"export controls","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-procurement","display_name":"public procurement","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-purchasing","display_name":"green purchasing","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-and-climate-change","display_name":"trade and climate change","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatt","display_name":"GATT","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6417319774627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779253866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20665717","display_name":"Government procurement","level":3,"score":0.6212865114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780958017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341382","display_name":"Energy law","level":3,"score":0.6210629343986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.5941737294197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5161186456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.5111480355262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187452473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903","display_name":"Goods and services","level":2,"score":0.474151074886322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1946268","display_name":"International trade law","level":2,"score":0.47131118178367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4355491101741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.430814653635025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.41290369629859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3655332326889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3646732568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36064451932907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3385199010372162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20130768418312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128069549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental law","level":2,"score":0.17798060178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1737229824066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16649731993675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.1227792501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08003407716751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511792496.007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Prospects of International Trade Regulation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:12174","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/12174/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cottier, Thomas (2011). Energy in WTO law and policy. In: Cottier, Thomas; Delimatsis, Panagiotis (eds.) The Prospects of International Trade Regulation. From Fragmentation to Coherence (pp. 211-244). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.599.4000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.599.4000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/wtr10_forum_e/wtr10_7may10_e.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5132686","https://openalex.org/W224337636","https://openalex.org/W393531680","https://openalex.org/W604585857","https://openalex.org/W613965814","https://openalex.org/W768690910","https://openalex.org/W1484090981","https://openalex.org/W1530408327","https://openalex.org/W1563500619","https://openalex.org/W1584325933","https://openalex.org/W1604044873","https://openalex.org/W1765908376","https://openalex.org/W1988329961","https://openalex.org/W1993398896","https://openalex.org/W2006980715","https://openalex.org/W2021848810","https://openalex.org/W2033352496","https://openalex.org/W2048955623","https://openalex.org/W2069622437","https://openalex.org/W2070473468","https://openalex.org/W2131891853","https://openalex.org/W2211921438","https://openalex.org/W2227772687","https://openalex.org/W2491024017","https://openalex.org/W2492597004","https://openalex.org/W2522259710","https://openalex.org/W2732767936","https://openalex.org/W3123484168","https://openalex.org/W3140501348","https://openalex.org/W3197015509","https://openalex.org/W4235575607","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133989121","https://openalex.org/W2158825987","https://openalex.org/W4413220647","https://openalex.org/W162289079","https://openalex.org/W2440842118","https://openalex.org/W7161791898","https://openalex.org/W2802873385","https://openalex.org/W7029299012","https://openalex.org/W7219946872","https://openalex.org/W659289702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"KEY":[0],"MESSAGES":[1],"\u2219":[2,34,65,104,119,154],"The":[3,105,239],"regulation":[4,36],"of":[5,37,43,101,112,137,157,196,207],"energy":[6,38,60,71,114,163,173,202,215,218,233],"in":[7,98,225,232],"international":[8],"law":[9],"is":[10,210],"highly":[11],"fragmented":[12],"and":[13,48,89,116,152,165,181,186,212,247],"largely":[14,242],"incoherent.":[15],"We":[16],"submit":[17],"that":[18,228],"pertinent":[19],"issues":[20],"should":[21,84,108],"be":[22,85,96,144],"addressed":[23],"by":[24,244,250],"a":[25,40,135,205,222,236],"future":[26],"Framework":[27,78,106],"Agreement":[28,79,107,142],"on":[29,46,67,80,121,131],"Energy":[30,50],"within":[31,76],"WTO":[32,176],"law.":[33],"Successful":[35],"requires":[39],"coherent":[41],"combination":[42],"rules":[44,170,195],"both":[45],"goods":[47],"services.":[49],"services":[51],"require":[52],"new":[53,74],"classifications":[54],"suitable":[55],"to":[56,70,95,126,139,146,171],"deal":[57],"coherently":[58],"with":[59],"as":[61],"an":[62],"integrated":[63],"sector.":[64],"Rules":[66],"subsidies":[68],"relating":[69],"call":[72],"for":[73],"approaches":[75],"the":[77,99,110,140,158,162,175,184,194,197],"Energy.":[81],"A":[82],"distinction":[83],"made":[86],"between":[87,161,183],"renewable":[88],"non-renewable":[90],"energy.":[91],"Moreover,":[92],"disciplines":[93],"need":[94],"developed":[97],"context":[100],"emission":[102],"trading.":[103],"address":[109,172],"problem":[111],"restricting":[113],"production":[115],"export":[117],"restrictions.":[118],"Disciplines":[120],"government":[122],"procurement":[123,149],"are":[124],"able":[125],"take":[127],"into":[128],"account":[129],"policies":[130],"green":[132,148],"procurement,":[133],"but":[134],"number":[136],"changes":[138],"GPA":[141],"will":[143,178],"required":[145],"make":[147],"more":[150],"effective":[151,169],"attractive.":[153],"In":[155],"view":[156],"close":[159],"interactions":[160],"sector":[164],"climate":[166,185],"change,":[167],"formulating":[168],"under":[174],"system":[177],"catalyse":[179],"coherence":[180],"complementarity":[182],"trade":[187,231],"regimes.":[188],"Introduction":[189],"Sixty":[190],"years":[191],"ago,":[192],"when":[193],"GATT":[198],"were":[199,214],"negotiated,":[200],"world":[201],"demand":[203],"was":[204,234,241],"fraction":[206],"what":[208],"it":[209],"today":[211],"so":[213],"prices.":[216],"While":[217],"has":[219],"always":[220],"been":[221],"crucial":[223],"factor":[224],"geopolitics,":[226],"at":[227],"time":[229],"liberalising":[230],"not":[235],"political":[237],"priority.":[238],"industry":[240],"dominated":[243],"state-run":[245],"monopolies":[246],"thus":[248],"governed":[249],"strict":[251],"territorial":[252],"allocation.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
