{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2243206672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","title":"Agronomic strategies for sustainable use of poor quality water in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and hybrid Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in a calcareous soil","display_name":"Agronomic strategies for sustainable use of poor quality water in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and hybrid Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in a calcareous soil","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2243206672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","mag":"2243206672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/4598/4273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/4598/4273","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041088784","display_name":"G. S. Buttar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-8735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1501-8735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899646","display_name":"Punjab Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qbzdk74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.S. BUTTAR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Agronomist , PAU , Regional Sta- tion , Bathinda , Punjab 151 001","Head, Department of Agronomy , Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab 141 004 ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Agronomist , PAU , Regional Sta- tion , Bathinda , Punjab 151 001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head, Department of Agronomy , Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana , Punjab 141 004 ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113808328","display_name":"Harmeet Singh Thind","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899646","display_name":"Punjab Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qbzdk74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.S. THIND","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head, Department of Soil Science , PAU , Ludhiana ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head, Department of Soil Science , PAU , Ludhiana ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086615778","display_name":"Karamjit Singh Sekhon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-1071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-1071"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.S. SEKHON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Soil Physiest ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Soil Physiest ,","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101535341","display_name":"Anureet Kaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9528-0284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9528-0284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899646","display_name":"Punjab Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qbzdk74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANUREET KAUR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjab Agricultural University , Regional Station , Bathinda , Punjab 151 001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjab Agricultural University , Regional Station , Bathinda , Punjab 151 001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"568","last_page":"574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bt-cotton","display_name":"Bt cotton","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcareous-soils","display_name":"calcareous soils","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternate-furrow-irrigation","display_name":"alternate furrow irrigation","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-sowing-irrigation","display_name":"pre-sowing irrigation","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-cotton-yield","display_name":"seed cotton yield","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-grain-yield","display_name":"wheat grain yield","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiarid-agriculture","display_name":"semi-arid agriculture","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-rotation","display_name":"crop rotation","score":0.42399999499320984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7990068197250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.7751222848892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7718117237091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41478065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645983","display_name":"Surface irrigation","level":3,"score":0.7521329522132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123552892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005941","display_name":"Calcareous","level":2,"score":0.5553250312805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775845107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754836","display_name":"Sodic soil","level":3,"score":0.5169210433959961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16704694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496805","display_name":"Saline water","level":3,"score":0.502556562423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46693509817123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993788577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133481","display_name":"Gossypium hirsutum","level":2,"score":0.4493556022644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.439208447933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551340","display_name":"Water-use efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4145270884037018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3678591251373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2890964448451996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19871953129768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.16423600912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/4598/4273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2243206672","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/31855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i4.4598","pdf_url":"https://pub.isa-india.in/index.php/ija/article/download/4598/4273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S146146975","display_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","issn_l":"0537-197X","issn":["0537-197X","0974-4460"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324113839","host_organization_name":"Indian Society of Agronomy","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324113839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Indian Society of Agronomy"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8571000099182129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2243206672.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2243206672.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971027034","https://openalex.org/W1977530281","https://openalex.org/W1977675845","https://openalex.org/W1985993548","https://openalex.org/W1986791852","https://openalex.org/W2028930651","https://openalex.org/W2030000025","https://openalex.org/W2050094758","https://openalex.org/W2076555481","https://openalex.org/W2105874120","https://openalex.org/W2169306125","https://openalex.org/W2553268253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2147801578","https://openalex.org/W61544820","https://openalex.org/W2263251460","https://openalex.org/W2354649552","https://openalex.org/W2968182497","https://openalex.org/W7220629031","https://openalex.org/W3081837703","https://openalex.org/W1811034436","https://openalex.org/W3091257183","https://openalex.org/W2970423756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"experiment":[2],"was":[3,50,127,143,207,213,255],"conducted":[4],"from":[5],"200506":[6],"to":[7,15,52,71,91,192,215],"200809":[8],"on":[9,57],"calcareous":[10],"soil":[11],"in":[12,26,145,149,166,201,221,233,241],"semi-arid":[13],"area,":[14],"evaluate":[16],"the":[17,73,132,151,163,168,187,193,204,210,216],"response":[18],"of":[19,46,69,108,134,171,195,226],"each":[20,53,92,111],"furrow":[21,24,56,112,203,220,231],"and":[22,54,88,96,113,178,209,236,246,258],"alternate":[23,55,114,146,202,219,230],"irrigation":[25,44,70,90,109,148,175,227],"wheat":[27,59,124,140,242],"[Triticum":[28],"aestivum":[29],"(L.)":[30],"emend.":[31],"Fiori":[32],"&":[33],"Paol.]":[34],"hybrid":[35,155],"Bt":[36,156,253],"cotton":[37,62,254],"(Gossypium":[38],"hirsutum":[39],"L.)":[40],"cropping":[41],"system":[42],"using":[43],"waters":[45],"different":[47],"qualities.":[48,153],"Irrigation":[49],"applied":[51],"bed-planted":[58],"followed":[60],"by":[61,131],"for":[63],"comparison":[64],"with":[65,94,100,176,182],"standard":[66],"check-basin":[67],"method":[68],"both":[72],"crops.":[74],"Three":[75],"water":[76,81,85,152,160,185,198,228],"qualities,":[77],"namely":[78],"good":[79],"quality":[80,133],"(GW),":[82],"sa-":[83],"line-sodic":[84],"(":[86],"SSW)":[87],"pre-sowing":[89,174],"crop":[93],"GW":[95,177],"all":[97,150,167,179],"subsequent":[98,180],"irrigations":[99,181],"SSW":[101,245],"(GWpsi+SSW),":[102],"were":[103],"evaluated":[104],"under":[105,218,229,243,252],"3":[106,120,169],"methods":[107,170],"(check-basin,":[110],"furrow).":[115],"The":[116,173,249],"pooled":[117],"results":[118],"over":[119],"years":[121],"revealed":[122],"that":[123],"grain":[125],"yield":[126,141,165,189,205,211,217],"not":[128],"affected":[129],"significantly":[130,161],"irri-":[135],"gation":[136],"water.":[137],"However,":[138,200],"significant":[139,208],"reduction":[142],"observed":[144],"bed":[147],"In":[154],"cotton,":[157],"saline":[158,183,196],"sodic":[159,184,197],"reduced":[162],"seed-cotton":[164,188],"planting.":[172],"improved":[186],"as":[190],"compared":[191],"application":[194],"alone.":[199],"increase":[206,251],"obtained":[212],"equal":[214],"GW.":[222],"Re-":[223],"duced":[224],"use":[225],"resulted":[232],"21,":[234],"21":[235],"25%":[237],"higher":[238],"water-use":[239],"efficiency":[240],"GW,":[244],"GWpsi+SSW":[247],"respectively.":[248],"corresponding":[250],"28,":[256],"19":[257],"36%.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}