{"id":"https://openalex.org/W22407758","doi":null,"title":"Preparation of microbiological specimens for scanning electron microscopy.","display_name":"Preparation of microbiological specimens for scanning electron microscopy.","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W22407758","mag":"22407758","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6999605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6999605","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6999605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scanning electron microscopy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066018456","display_name":"L P Watson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L P Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024419555","display_name":"Adam E. McKee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2267-6206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2267-6206"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A E McKee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070446153","display_name":"Bruce R. Merrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B R Merrell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"Pt 2","first_page":"45","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10857","display_name":"Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1315","display_name":"Structural Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12167","display_name":"Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanning-electron-microscopy-sample-preparation","display_name":"scanning electron microscopy specimen preparation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microorganisms","display_name":"microorganisms","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-fixation","display_name":"chemical fixation","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydration","display_name":"dehydration","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-point-drying","display_name":"critical point drying","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeze-drying","display_name":"freeze-drying","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specimen-coating","display_name":"specimen coating","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefixation","display_name":"prefixation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycoplasma","display_name":"Mycoplasma","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rickettsiae","display_name":"rickettsiae","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungi","display_name":"fungi","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protozoa","display_name":"protozoa","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-morphology","display_name":"bacterial morphology","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.5674172639846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833","display_name":"Microorganism","level":3,"score":0.5454864501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47566455602645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55171895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268401","display_name":"Environmental scanning electron microscope","level":3,"score":0.42411288619041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4227636456489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.37796255946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3395211100578308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.308285653591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1898469626903534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.1493213176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13441264629364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11695003509521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08442288637161255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001431","descriptor_name":"Bacteriological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003890","descriptor_name":"Desiccation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005404","descriptor_name":"Fixatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005658","descriptor_name":"Fungi","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008828","descriptor_name":"Microbiological Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010274","descriptor_name":"Parasitology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014345","descriptor_name":"Trypanosoma","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056890","descriptor_name":"Eukaryota","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6999605","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6999605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scanning electron microscopy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:22407758","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6999605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153922477","https://openalex.org/W2037091145","https://openalex.org/W2102570929","https://openalex.org/W2046874313","https://openalex.org/W2071229551","https://openalex.org/W2003283930","https://openalex.org/W2042175682","https://openalex.org/W2030188168","https://openalex.org/W1996545020","https://openalex.org/W1988950403","https://openalex.org/W2014059869","https://openalex.org/W2102177302","https://openalex.org/W2130594399","https://openalex.org/W318134305","https://openalex.org/W2063683680","https://openalex.org/W1857754651","https://openalex.org/W2017299163","https://openalex.org/W2087335217","https://openalex.org/W1974835786","https://openalex.org/W2123425023","https://openalex.org/W2126362197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2057905596","https://openalex.org/W4247271022","https://openalex.org/W4396733499","https://openalex.org/W2766905400","https://openalex.org/W4312897600","https://openalex.org/W2048590242","https://openalex.org/W7097848845","https://openalex.org/W6922714150","https://openalex.org/W2186024592","https://openalex.org/W2907399011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,142],"tutorial":[1,143],"paper":[2],"describes":[3,84],"techniques":[4],"for":[5,8,98,151,154],"processing":[6,42,91,152],"microorganisms":[7,88,96,153],"scanning":[9,158],"electron":[10,159],"microscopy":[11],"(SEM).":[12],"For":[13],"ease":[14],"of":[15,35,86,132,181,189],"discussion,":[16],"the":[17,36,90,123,126,157,187,190],"subject":[18],"is":[19,39,144,177],"divided":[20],"into":[21],"two":[22],"sections:":[23],"A.":[24],"General":[25],"Processing":[26,31],"Requirements,":[27],"and":[28,47,74,78,110,125,139,167],"B.":[29],"Specific":[30],"Techniques.":[32],"The":[33,54,81],"objective":[34],"first":[37],"section":[38,83],"to":[40,146],"outline":[41],"requirements,":[43],"explain":[44],"their":[45],"purpose,":[46],"point":[48],"out":[49],"where":[50],"variations":[51],"are":[52,58,115,128],"possible.":[53],"following":[55],"basic":[56,165],"steps":[57],"discussed:":[59],"(1)":[60,100],"specimen":[61],"selection,":[62],"(2)":[63,103],"prefixation":[64],"treatment,":[65],"(3)":[66,106],"chemical":[67],"fixation,":[68],"(4)":[69,111],"dehydration,":[70],"(5)":[71],"critical-point":[72],"drying":[73],"freeze-drying,":[75],"(6)":[76],"coating,":[77],"(7)":[79],"viewing.":[80],"second":[82],"methods":[85],"manipulating":[87],"through":[89],"steps.":[92],"Instructions":[93],"will":[94],"cover":[95],"processed":[97],"SEM":[99],"in":[101,104,107,122],"suspension,":[102],"tissues.":[105],"tissue":[108],"culture,":[109],"on":[112,118],"agar.":[113],"We":[114],"relying":[116],"heavily":[117],"our":[119],"own":[120],"experiences":[121],"laboratory":[124],"results":[127],"illustrated":[129],"by":[130],"use":[131],"bacteria,":[133],"mycoplasmas,":[134],"rickettsiae,":[135],"fungi,":[136],"free-living":[137],"protozoa,":[138],"parasitic":[140],"protozoa.":[141],"intended":[145],"be":[147,173],"a":[148,178],"general":[149],"reference":[150],"study":[155],"with":[156],"microscope.":[160],"Although":[161],"we":[162],"have":[163],"described":[164],"requirements":[166],"several":[168],"specific":[169],"techniques,":[170],"it":[171],"must":[172],"emphasized":[174],"that":[175],"there":[176],"wide":[179],"range":[180],"preparation":[182],"flexibility":[183],"permissible,":[184],"depending":[185],"upon":[186],"objectives":[188],"study.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
