{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2236899788","doi":null,"title":"Review: nanoparticles in drug delivery for the treatment of cancer.","display_name":"Review: nanoparticles in drug delivery for the treatment of cancer.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2236899788","mag":"2236899788","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16935836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109323938","display_name":"M Saeed Arayne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Saeed Arayne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. arayne@gawab.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. arayne@gawab.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Najma Sultana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najma Sultana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82144744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"258","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14089","display_name":"Nanotechnology research and applications","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2500","display_name":"General Materials Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticles","display_name":"nanoparticles","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-delivery","display_name":"anticancer drug delivery","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomedicine","display_name":"nanomedicine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"nanotechnology","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"targeted drug delivery","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-dots","display_name":"quantum dots","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoshells","display_name":"nanoshells","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanowires","display_name":"nanowires","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotubes","display_name":"nanotubes","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocantilevers","display_name":"nanocantilevers","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanopores","display_name":"nanopores","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-therapy","display_name":"cancer therapy","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15083742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261659","display_name":"Nanomedicine","level":3,"score":0.8773972988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.7190631628036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.6037618517875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85362591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2254031","display_name":"Applications of nanotechnology","level":2,"score":0.4354260265827179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33197981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891289","display_name":"Nanoshell","level":3,"score":0.42329204082489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3919433355331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24198567867279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.22870951890945435}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010316","descriptor_name":"Particle Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011108","descriptor_name":"Polymers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016503","descriptor_name":"Drug Delivery Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D036103","descriptor_name":"Nanotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049329","descriptor_name":"Nanostructures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16935836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2236899788","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16935836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40451509","https://openalex.org/W146221228","https://openalex.org/W182731114","https://openalex.org/W1486016704","https://openalex.org/W1492054936","https://openalex.org/W1539571840","https://openalex.org/W1546408466","https://openalex.org/W1567772800","https://openalex.org/W1586216023","https://openalex.org/W1607745684","https://openalex.org/W1957696462","https://openalex.org/W1973307372","https://openalex.org/W1974881164","https://openalex.org/W1977048602","https://openalex.org/W1977103369","https://openalex.org/W1979125559","https://openalex.org/W1981782713","https://openalex.org/W1981975619","https://openalex.org/W1983785810","https://openalex.org/W1992699637","https://openalex.org/W2000475521","https://openalex.org/W2001019246","https://openalex.org/W2002547990","https://openalex.org/W2004128120","https://openalex.org/W2005542583","https://openalex.org/W2006407501","https://openalex.org/W2006695082","https://openalex.org/W2008672591","https://openalex.org/W2008746152","https://openalex.org/W2010088291","https://openalex.org/W2011154884","https://openalex.org/W2012295039","https://openalex.org/W2013875806","https://openalex.org/W2018470991","https://openalex.org/W2020299143","https://openalex.org/W2027432882","https://openalex.org/W2028816469","https://openalex.org/W2029255146","https://openalex.org/W2035530476","https://openalex.org/W2036220807","https://openalex.org/W2038295804","https://openalex.org/W2043009832","https://openalex.org/W2045751720","https://openalex.org/W2046606679","https://openalex.org/W2047503737","https://openalex.org/W2048124331","https://openalex.org/W2050085273","https://openalex.org/W2050535564","https://openalex.org/W2052566608","https://openalex.org/W2054721048","https://openalex.org/W2055449190","https://openalex.org/W2056211275","https://openalex.org/W2057878249","https://openalex.org/W2059877047","https://openalex.org/W2060371510","https://openalex.org/W2061435720","https://openalex.org/W2061510929","https://openalex.org/W2061843861","https://openalex.org/W2065569312","https://openalex.org/W2070299475","https://openalex.org/W2070545569","https://openalex.org/W2073163163","https://openalex.org/W2074978477","https://openalex.org/W2078088120","https://openalex.org/W2080681746","https://openalex.org/W2081365179","https://openalex.org/W2082640094","https://openalex.org/W2083969239","https://openalex.org/W2084184895","https://openalex.org/W2085827128","https://openalex.org/W2087640855","https://openalex.org/W2089773350","https://openalex.org/W2091986668","https://openalex.org/W2092560600","https://openalex.org/W2092606584","https://openalex.org/W2093267080","https://openalex.org/W2094487294","https://openalex.org/W2095122176","https://openalex.org/W2095248480","https://openalex.org/W2097131232","https://openalex.org/W2097535374","https://openalex.org/W2098958083","https://openalex.org/W2099374439","https://openalex.org/W2100287780","https://openalex.org/W2101327971","https://openalex.org/W2103074340","https://openalex.org/W2105960546","https://openalex.org/W2107519814","https://openalex.org/W2110111661","https://openalex.org/W2113379128","https://openalex.org/W2126630077","https://openalex.org/W2127230663","https://openalex.org/W2127438452","https://openalex.org/W2137302260","https://openalex.org/W2138958920","https://openalex.org/W2142838837","https://openalex.org/W2143012704","https://openalex.org/W2143690808","https://openalex.org/W2145682943","https://openalex.org/W2148726864","https://openalex.org/W2153729628","https://openalex.org/W2157665369","https://openalex.org/W2162250373","https://openalex.org/W2162525969","https://openalex.org/W2167398093","https://openalex.org/W2168909179","https://openalex.org/W2171271556","https://openalex.org/W2547129041","https://openalex.org/W2944782266","https://openalex.org/W4293052525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895593611","https://openalex.org/W1755173593","https://openalex.org/W4226034408","https://openalex.org/W2154233980","https://openalex.org/W2181745767","https://openalex.org/W3192758789","https://openalex.org/W2988070312","https://openalex.org/W3009307239","https://openalex.org/W2735247552","https://openalex.org/W2969376266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,20,42,68,77,98,113,121,155,170,191,207,220,239],"\"war":[2],"on":[3,206],"cancer\"":[4],"is":[5,160,173],"now":[6],"in":[7,18,76,120,210],"its":[8,49,73],"fourth":[9],"decade":[10],"and":[11,23,25,48,62,72,100,107,116,135,144,183,190,198,216,224,233,236],"despite":[12],"much":[13],"progress":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"made":[17],"categorizing":[19],"environmental":[21],"causes":[22],"cellular":[24],"molecular":[26],"biological":[27],"basis":[28],"for":[29,112,243],"this":[30,126],"dreaded":[31],"disease,":[32],"we":[33,53,58],"still":[34],"do":[35,54],"not":[36,55],"have":[37,203],"a":[38,45,90,109],"precise":[39],"understanding":[40],"of":[41,67,94,102,118,130,154,158,180],"differences":[43],"between":[44],"cancer":[46,86,211,245],"cell":[47,87],"normal":[50],"counterpart.":[51],"If":[52],"understand":[56],"cancer,":[57],"cannot":[59],"control,":[60],"conquer,":[61],"eliminate":[63],"it.":[64],"The":[65],"completion":[66],"human":[69],"genome":[70],"sequence":[71,78],"subsequent":[74],"improvements":[75],"data":[79],"are":[80,238],"important":[81],"steps":[82],"to":[83,151,161,193],"fully":[84],"comprehend":[85],"biology.":[88],"Nanotechnology,":[89],"new,":[91],"novel":[92],"focus":[93],"research":[95],"evolved":[96],"from":[97],"convergence":[99],"coalescence":[101],"many":[103],"diverse":[104],"scientific":[105],"disciplines":[106],"as":[108,140,148,227],"general":[110],"term":[111],"creation,":[114],"manipulation,":[115],"application":[117],"structures":[119],"nanometer":[122],"size":[123],"range.":[124],"In":[125],"article,":[127],"nanomedicine":[128,159,201,223],"aspects":[129],"nanotechnology":[131],"will":[132,136,177,202],"be":[133,178],"stressed":[134],"cover":[137],"areas":[138],"such":[139,226],"drug":[141,146,214],"delivery":[142,215],"systems":[143],"new":[145],"therapies":[147],"they":[149],"relate":[150],"cancer.":[152],"One":[153],"ultimate":[156],"goals":[157],"create":[162],"medically":[163],"useful":[164],"nanodevices":[165,176,225],"that":[166,175,186],"can":[167,187],"function":[168],"inside":[169],"body.":[171],"It":[172],"envisioned":[174],"hybrids":[179],"biologic":[181],"molecules":[182],"synthetic":[184],"polymers":[185],"enter":[188],"cells":[189],"organelles":[192],"interact":[194],"directly":[195],"with":[196],"DNA":[197],"proteins.":[199],"Additionally,":[200],"an":[204],"impact":[205],"key":[208],"challenges":[209],"therapy:":[212],"localized":[213],"specific":[217],"targeting.":[218],"Among":[219],"newly":[221],"developed":[222],"quantum":[228],"dots,":[229],"nanowires,":[230],"nanotubes,":[231],"nanocantilevers,":[232],"nanopores,":[234],"nanoshells":[235],"nanoparticles":[237],"most":[240],"promising":[241],"applications":[242],"various":[244],"treatments.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}