{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2236064865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","title":"Man's Reliability in the X-15 Aerospace System","display_name":"Man's Reliability in the X-15 Aerospace System","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2236064865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","mag":"2236064865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/640608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019973363","display_name":"R.B. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. B. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space and Information Systems Div., North American Aviation, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Information Systems Div., North American Aviation, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084993670","display_name":"J. L. Gaffney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. L. Gaffney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space and Information Systems Div., North American Aviation, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Information Systems Div., North American Aviation, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22413793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.6913999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.6913999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.15119999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.06530000269412994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-15","display_name":"X-15","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-reliability","display_name":"human reliability","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-error","display_name":"pilot error","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/launch-failure","display_name":"launch failure","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintenance-failure","display_name":"maintenance failure","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.8313303589820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6609150171279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5111106038093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4337577819824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3884517550468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3425478935241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.32511281967163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2705662250518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12019824981689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/640608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/640608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202285","display_name":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","issn_l":"0148-7191","issn":["0148-7191","1083-4958","2688-3627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE Technical Paper Series","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W764614663"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W764614663","https://openalex.org/W562115639","https://openalex.org/W1580283200","https://openalex.org/W810285274","https://openalex.org/W776276700","https://openalex.org/W2975934680","https://openalex.org/W2008442837","https://openalex.org/W1235442811","https://openalex.org/W2325981474","https://openalex.org/W3023753519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"History":[0],"of":[1,15,55,67,75],"X-15":[2,79],"performance":[3],"reveals":[4],"that":[5],"the":[6,35,78],"pilot,":[7],"by":[8],"unscheduled":[9],"or":[10],"unplanned":[11],"inputs,":[12],"enabled":[13],"completion":[14],"almost":[16],"twice":[17],"as":[18,21],"many":[19],"flights":[20],"would":[22],"otherwise":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"completed":[26],"on":[27],"a":[28],"routine":[29,40],"basis.":[30],"The":[31,58],"prelaunch":[32],"team":[33,56],"(including":[34],"pilot)":[36],"supported":[37],"92":[38],"successful":[39],"launchings":[41],"and":[42],"overcame":[43],"malfunctions":[44],"to":[45],"enable":[46],"10":[47],"additional":[48],"launchings;":[49],"13":[50],"missions":[51],"were":[52],"unsuccessful":[53],"because":[54],"error.":[57],"maintenance":[59],"crew":[60],"was":[61],"responsible":[62],"for":[63,77],"6":[64],"failures":[65],"out":[66],"164":[68],"mission":[69],"attempts.":[70],"A":[71],"reliability":[72],"point":[73],"estimate":[74],"0.84":[76],"personnel":[80],"subsystem":[81],"is":[82],"derived":[83],"from":[84],"these":[85],"comparisons.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}