{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2234219145","doi":null,"title":"Procalcitonin in diagnosis of severe infections.","display_name":"Procalcitonin in diagnosis of severe infections.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2234219145","mag":"2234219145","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9364034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9364034","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9364034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of medical research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071639180","display_name":"Bilal Al\u2010Nawas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-5803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-5803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","display_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/04cvxnb49","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132578","display_name":"University Hospital Frankfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/03f6n9m15","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132578"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Al-Nawas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Medizinische Klinik III, Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60596, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinikum der J.W. Goethe-Universit\u00e4t, Medizinische Klinik III, Schwerpunkt Infektiologie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main D-60596, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114090438","https://openalex.org/I4210132578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073451145","display_name":"Ines Krammer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Krammer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035928365","display_name":"PRAMOD M. SHAH","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-2221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-2221"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P M Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5136,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":225,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97779094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"7","first_page":"331","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14165","display_name":"Inflammation biomarkers and pathways","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11961","display_name":"Neonatal and Maternal Infections","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procalcitonin","display_name":"procalcitonin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serious-bacterial-infection","display_name":"serious bacterial infection","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-inflammatory-response-syndrome","display_name":"systemic inflammatory response syndrome","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-cut-off-values","display_name":"diagnostic thresholds","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-and-specificity","display_name":"sensitivity and specificity","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-markers","display_name":"infection biomarkers","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-patients","display_name":"adult patients","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10936531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786600","display_name":"Procalcitonin","level":3,"score":0.9650826454162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019719930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value","level":2,"score":0.7899904847145081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7788233160972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6335253715515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198433322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value of tests","level":2,"score":0.5561126470565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.5512502789497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.5371307730674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.49759581685066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53789813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553769","display_name":"Positive predicative value","level":3,"score":0.4310971796512604}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002116","descriptor_name":"Calcitonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011498","descriptor_name":"Protein Precursors","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012772","descriptor_name":"Shock, Septic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015740","descriptor_name":"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018805","descriptor_name":"Sepsis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9364034","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9364034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European journal of medical research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2234219145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9364034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366926193","https://openalex.org/W2357493541","https://openalex.org/W2354871541","https://openalex.org/W2362030035","https://openalex.org/W2390034196","https://openalex.org/W3111450025","https://openalex.org/W2388265665","https://openalex.org/W2027805203","https://openalex.org/W2378170668","https://openalex.org/W2384371840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increased":[0],"serum":[1,33],"concentration":[2],"of":[3,9,53,83,157,172],"procalcitonin":[4],"(PCT)":[5],"in":[6,25,169],"limited":[7],"number":[8],"paediatric":[10],"patients":[11,29],"with":[12,46],"acute":[13],"severe":[14,97],"bacterial":[15],"infections":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"described":[19],"previously.":[20],"In":[21],"a":[22,96,154,166],"prospective":[23],"study":[24],"337":[26],"hospitalised":[27],"adult":[28],"fulfilling":[30],"the":[31,170],"SIRS-criteria,":[32],"PCT":[34],"was":[35],"determined":[36],"on":[37],"admission":[38],"and":[39,149],"up":[40],"to":[41,62,91],"9":[42],"days":[43],"thereafter.":[44],"Patients":[45,65],"microbiologically":[47],"documented":[48],"infection":[49,99,115,139],"showed":[50],"peak":[51],"values":[52,70],"30":[54],"ng/ml":[55,72,93,121,159],"at":[56,153],"day":[57],"3,":[58],"which":[59,95],"rapidly":[60],"decreased":[61],"normal":[63],"levels.":[64],"without":[66],"sepsis":[67],"revealed":[68],"baseline":[69],"(0.1":[71],"or":[73],"lower).":[74],"The":[75,146],"validity":[76],"criteria":[77],"were":[78],"calculated":[79],"for":[80],"several":[81],"breakpoints":[82],"PCT.":[84],"We":[85],"detected":[86],"an":[87,138],"interval":[88],"from":[89],"0.1":[90],"0.5":[92,120,158],"under":[94],"microbial":[98],"is":[100,116],"unlikely":[101],"(sensitivity":[102,122],"91%,":[103],"specificity":[104,124,148],"25%,":[105],"positive":[106,126],"predictive":[107,111,127,131,151],"value":[108,112,128,132,152],"39%,":[109],"negative":[110,130,150],"86%).":[113],"An":[114],"most":[117],"likely":[118],"above":[119],"60%,":[123],"79%,":[125],"61%,":[129],"78%).":[133],"Between":[134],"these":[135],"two":[136],"points":[137],"can":[140],"neither":[141],"be":[142,165],"confirmed":[143],"nor":[144],"excluded.":[145],"excellent":[147],"cut-off":[155],"point":[156],"suggests":[160],"that":[161],"this":[162],"test":[163],"might":[164],"useful":[167],"parameter":[168],"management":[171],"infectious":[173],"diseases.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
