{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2232680767","doi":null,"title":"Australian medical biotechnology: Navigating a complex patent landscape","display_name":"Australian medical biotechnology: Navigating a complex patent landscape","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2232680767","mag":"2232680767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:36609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/36609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/6577/1/9%5B1%5D.3%28000%29.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009129239","display_name":"Dianne Nicol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2839","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-6598"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianne Nicol","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6553-2839","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031015740","display_name":"Jane L Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-0047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-0047"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-0047","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9789,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88569983,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"313","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-biotechnology","display_name":"medical biotechnology","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-licensing","display_name":"patent licensing","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-patents","display_name":"gene patents","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licensing-practices","display_name":"licensing practices","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/royalty-stacking","display_name":"royalty stacking","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-reform","display_name":"legal reform","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-and-development","display_name":"research and development","score":0.527999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.7633122205734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.7614291906356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984145337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253623","display_name":"Patent law","level":3,"score":0.6426747441291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.5722230672836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.48873305320739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.36415043473243713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34305518865585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22269335389137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08143454790115356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:36609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/36609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.utas.edu.au:6577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/6577/1/9%5B1%5D.3%28000%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/6577/1/9%5B1%5D.3%28000%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922975","display_name":"UTAS Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22853762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Australian_Medical_Biotechnology_Navigating_a_Complex_Patent_Landscape/22853762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23227904","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Australian_medical_biotechnology_Navigating_a_complex_patent_landscape/23227904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2232680767","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/36609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73046715","display_name":"European intellectual property review","issn_l":"0142-0461","issn":["0142-0461"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320353","host_organization_name":"Edward Elgar Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Edward Elgar Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European intellectual property review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.utas.edu.au:6577","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/6577/1/9%5B1%5D.3%28000%29.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.utas.edu.au/6577/1/9%5B1%5D.3%28000%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922975","display_name":"UTAS Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2232680767.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2232680767.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023989038","https://openalex.org/W1906340096","https://openalex.org/W2197125327","https://openalex.org/W1498099113","https://openalex.org/W1031141031","https://openalex.org/W2787461044","https://openalex.org/W394552016","https://openalex.org/W2201376167","https://openalex.org/W1750010737","https://openalex.org/W4384694065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"the":[3,10,32,61,86],"results":[4],"of":[5,9,34,49,85],"an":[6],"empirical":[7],"study":[8,46],"Australian":[11,62],"medical":[12],"biotechnology":[13],"industry,":[14],"involving":[15],"surveys":[16],"and":[17,25,36,43,79],"interviews":[18],"with":[19,54],"participants":[20],"in":[21],"research":[22,37,42],"institutions,":[23],"companies":[24],"diagnostic":[26],"facilities.":[27],"Despite":[28],"ongoing":[29],"concerns":[30],"about":[31],"impact":[33],"gene":[35],"tool":[38],"patents":[39],"on":[40],"downstream":[41],"development,":[44],"this":[45],"reveals":[47],"evidence":[48],"liberal":[50],"licensing":[51],"practices":[52],"associated":[53],"some":[55,83],"essential":[56],"or":[57],"foundational":[58],"inventions":[59],"within":[60],"industry.":[63],"However,":[64],"there":[65],"are":[66],"also":[67],"significant":[68],"challenges,":[69],"including":[70],"negotiating":[71],"difficulties,":[72],"restrictive":[73],"licence":[74],"terms,":[75],"refusals":[76],"to":[77],"license":[78],"stacking":[80],"royalties.":[81],"Hence":[82],"consideration":[84],"options":[87],"for":[88],"law":[89],"reform":[90],"is":[91],"warranted.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}