{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2230788968","doi":null,"title":"Electron spin resonance dating of tooth enamel from Kromdraai B, South Africa","display_name":"Electron spin resonance dating of tooth enamel from Kromdraai B, South Africa","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2230788968","mag":"2230788968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/74839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/74839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"Journal article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/74839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020076040","display_name":"Darren Curnoe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-4141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-4141"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darren Curnoe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-4141","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014664106","display_name":"Rainer Gr\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-3674","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-3674"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Gr\u00fcn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1366-3674","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022970576","display_name":"Francis Thackeray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-382X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-382X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Francis Thackeray","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34469434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":null,"first_page":"540","last_page":"540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.12200000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13256","display_name":"Archaeology and Rock Art Studies","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-spin-resonance-dating","display_name":"electron spin resonance dating","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-enamel","display_name":"dental enamel","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plio-pleistocene","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-hominins","display_name":"fossil hominins","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.785865068435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187961010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260463","display_name":"Electron paramagnetic resonance","level":2,"score":0.6083111763000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143942","display_name":"Tooth enamel","level":3,"score":0.5238637924194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776402521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205008","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene","level":3,"score":0.47673001885414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4405832588672638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.3677932322025299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.3552677035331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.23184528946876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.1720781922340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13349926471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09314149618148804}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/74839","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/74839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"mag:2230788968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/74839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2230788968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/74839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27554591","display_name":"South African Journal of Science","issn_l":"0038-2353","issn":["0038-2353","1996-7489"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dhet","doaj","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jpps-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","scielo","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315356","host_organization_name":"Academy of Science of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315356"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy of Science of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"South African Journal of Science","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283107027","https://openalex.org/W2620781144","https://openalex.org/W4383865302","https://openalex.org/W1975494391","https://openalex.org/W1990734224","https://openalex.org/W2503570543","https://openalex.org/W7033510952","https://openalex.org/W2472277068","https://openalex.org/W7009511426","https://openalex.org/W4220867987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ELECTRON":[0],"SPIN":[1],"RESONANCE":[2],"(ESR)":[3],"DATING":[4],"offers":[5],"the":[6,46],"potential":[7],"to":[8,22],"provide":[9],"dates":[10],"for":[11],"Plio-Pleistocene":[12],"sites":[13],"in":[14,45],"South":[15],"Africa.":[16],"Previous":[17],"attempts":[18],"have":[19],"been":[20],"made":[21],"date":[23],"tooth":[24,40],"enamel":[25,41],"samples":[26],"from":[27,42],"Sterkfontein,":[28],"Swartkrans":[29],"and":[30],"Gladysvale.":[31],"Here":[32],"we":[33],"report":[34],"results":[35],"of":[36,39],"ESR":[37],"dating":[38],"Kromdraai":[43],"B":[44],"Sterkfontein":[47],"Valley.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}