{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2229008763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","title":"Historical Patterns of Migration [and Comments and Reply]","display_name":"Historical Patterns of Migration [and Comments and Reply]","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2229008763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","mag":"2229008763","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11630845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/202206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165709033","display_name":"Current Anthropology","issn_l":"0011-3204","issn":["0011-3204","1537-5382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Anthropology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005852065","display_name":"William H. McNeill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. McNeill","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033535058","display_name":"Frank P. Ara\u00fajo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank P. Ara\u00fajo","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080502113","display_name":"Brad Bartel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad Bartel","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025282606","display_name":"Alexander S. Gallus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-9989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-9989"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Gallus","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034720459","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n Kiszely","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Istv\u00e1n Kiszely","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024092539","display_name":"Ivan Polunin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Polunin","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021721076","display_name":"El\u017cbieta Promi\u0144ska","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El\u017cbieta Promi\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005823467","display_name":"Ted A. Rathbun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted A. Rathbun","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8965119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14466","display_name":"Migration, Health, Geopolitics, Historical Geography","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14466","display_name":"Migration, Health, Geopolitics, Historical Geography","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.17069999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13787","display_name":"Globalization, Historical Perspectives, and International Relations","score":0.05119999870657921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-patterns","display_name":"migration patterns","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-diseases","display_name":"infectious diseases","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-history","display_name":"demographic history","score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eurasian-civilization","display_name":"Eurasian civilization","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier-settlement","display_name":"frontier settlement","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-epidemics","display_name":"urban epidemics","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discovery-of-america","display_name":"discovery of America","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-explosion","display_name":"population explosion","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megalopolis","display_name":"megalopolis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-migration","display_name":"elite migration","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion-of-ideas","display_name":"diffusion of ideas","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperate-regions","display_name":"temperate regions","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.6053528189659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122302079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432","display_name":"Civilization","level":2,"score":0.5942627191543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5605366826057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5508485436439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5461457967758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16678853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972","display_name":"Human settlement","level":2,"score":0.44596803188323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4415855407714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777917351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863941","display_name":"Internal migration","level":3,"score":0.4257619082927704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4025324881076813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3408902883529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3117417097091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.22873660922050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.22541579604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22320058941841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1475847065448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004813","descriptor_name":"Epidemiology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049690","descriptor_name":"History, Ancient","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049691","descriptor_name":"History, Medieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049692","descriptor_name":"History, Early Modern 1451-1600","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/202206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/202206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165709033","display_name":"Current Anthropology","issn_l":"0011-3204","issn":["0011-3204","1537-5382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Anthropology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11630845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11630845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current anthropology","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495675863","https://openalex.org/W1990603154","https://openalex.org/W2049140251","https://openalex.org/W2057860640","https://openalex.org/W2112222863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964694589","https://openalex.org/W2500166642","https://openalex.org/W2500746645","https://openalex.org/W1926045297","https://openalex.org/W3102778050","https://openalex.org/W4200369023","https://openalex.org/W4225986840","https://openalex.org/W3201337148","https://openalex.org/W3125282725","https://openalex.org/W2588621096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,69,258,270],"article":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,31,42,60,72,79,103,111,136,140,158,167,172,175,185,189,208,211,215,251,266,283],"migratory":[4,277],"patterns":[5,33,46,143,168,217],"resulting":[6],"from":[7,84],"differential":[8],"incidence":[9],"of":[10,34,39,75,82,95,120,132,148,157,166,169,181,188,194,210,218,253,268,273],"lethal":[11],"infections":[12],"in":[13,22,78,123,135,184],"traditional":[14,32,48,76,141],"Eurasian":[15,49,133],"civilizations.":[16],"Further,":[17],"it":[18],"examines":[19],"how":[20],"changes":[21],"modern":[23],"communication":[24,38],"and":[25,57,63,105,127,144,198,234,265,276],"public":[26],"health":[27],"management":[28],"have":[29,204],"interrupted":[30],"population":[35,263],"circulation.":[36],"The":[37,51,130,154,192],"infection":[40],"influenced":[41],"standard":[43,73],"mass":[44],"migration":[45,58,142,170],"for":[47,243,282],"civilization.":[50],"rural":[52],"flow":[53],"to":[54,59,87,110,146,203,221,230,261],"urban":[55,106,182,226],"centers":[56],"periphery":[61],"replaced":[62],"replenished":[64],"populations":[65,227],"thinned":[66],"by":[67,151,207,256],"infections.":[68],"pattern":[70,117],"was":[71,118,162,177],"underpinning":[74],"civilization":[77],"temperate":[80],"zone":[81],"Eurasia":[83],"2000":[85],"B.C.":[86],"A.D.":[88],"1750.":[89,153],"A":[90],"second,":[91],"less":[92],"massive":[93,280],"movement":[94],"\"elites\"":[96],"also":[97],"occurred.":[98],"Barbarian":[99],"elites":[100],"moved":[101],"against":[102],"city,":[104],"elites-trades,":[107],"missionaries,":[108],"refugees-moved":[109],"periphery.":[112],"While":[113],"numerically":[114],"small,":[115],"this":[116],"often":[119],"key":[121],"importance":[122],"diffusing":[124],"ideas,":[125],"techniques,":[126],"specialized":[128],"skills.":[129],"period":[131],"discovery":[134],"16th":[137],"century":[138],"disturbed":[139],"led":[145,260],"homogenization":[147],"disease":[149,160],"pools":[150],"almost":[152],"first":[155],"effect":[156,206],"new":[159,223],"regimen":[161],"an":[163,178,205],"unparalleled":[164],"acceleration":[165],"towards":[171],"frontier,":[173],"while":[174],"second":[176],"initial":[179],"intensification":[180],"epidemics":[183],"civilized":[186,254],"communities":[187,255],"Old":[190],"World.":[191],"establishment":[193],"preliminary":[195],"public-health":[196],"measures":[197],"dramatic":[199],"technological":[200],"advances":[201],"began":[202,220],"end":[209],"19th":[212],"century.":[213],"Consequently,":[214],"older":[216],"in-migration":[219],"meet":[222],"resistance,":[224],"as":[225],"became":[228],"able":[229],"sustain":[231],"themselves":[232],"biologically":[233],"even":[235],"increase":[236],"their":[237],"numbers.":[238],"Simultaneously,":[239],"frontier":[240],"zones":[241],"suitable":[242],"settlement":[244],"disappeared,":[245],"with":[246],"most":[247],"areas":[248],"brought":[249],"within":[250],"circle":[252],"1900.":[257],"has":[259,279],"a":[262],"explosion":[264],"development":[267],"megalopolis.":[269],"extraordinary":[271],"alteration":[272],"long-standing":[274],"epidemiological":[275],"regimens":[278],"consequences":[281],"future.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
