{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2228515495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","title":"Lebanese perceptions of the glass ceiling","display_name":"Lebanese perceptions of the glass ceiling","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2228515495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","mag":"2228515495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97033246","display_name":"Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal","issn_l":"2040-7149","issn":["2040-7149","2040-7157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020529521","display_name":"Mayssa Rishani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-1479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-1479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayssa Rishani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047203978","display_name":"Mohamad Mallah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Mallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075038754","display_name":"Sarwat Houssami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarwat Houssami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059075048","display_name":"Hussein Nabil Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-6032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-6032"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Studies, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Studies, Lebanese American University (LAU), Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94393473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"8","first_page":"678","last_page":"691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glass-ceiling","display_name":"glass ceiling","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-leadership","display_name":"women in leadership","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-discrimination","display_name":"gender discrimination","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-barriers","display_name":"organizational barriers","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-barriers","display_name":"cultural barriers","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-perception","display_name":"gender perception","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-career-advancement","display_name":"women's career advancement","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanon","display_name":"Lebanon","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.9020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048886","display_name":"Glass ceiling","level":2,"score":0.924529492855072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.712751030921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6551386713981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4514845013618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3440974950790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3257894814014435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2600533068180084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2410702407360077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2014-0082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97033246","display_name":"Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal","issn_l":"2040-7149","issn":["2040-7149","2040-7157"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.49380001425743103,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502163265","https://openalex.org/W1823141064","https://openalex.org/W1963918464","https://openalex.org/W1967871478","https://openalex.org/W1968435928","https://openalex.org/W1975963915","https://openalex.org/W1983982514","https://openalex.org/W1985692142","https://openalex.org/W1988144085","https://openalex.org/W2005171113","https://openalex.org/W2028365554","https://openalex.org/W2030360857","https://openalex.org/W2030955004","https://openalex.org/W2049113100","https://openalex.org/W2051717091","https://openalex.org/W2060807646","https://openalex.org/W2064535582","https://openalex.org/W2072811925","https://openalex.org/W2073108432","https://openalex.org/W2079419150","https://openalex.org/W2083468185","https://openalex.org/W2086515560","https://openalex.org/W2095168550","https://openalex.org/W2099392395","https://openalex.org/W2127395022","https://openalex.org/W2128674308","https://openalex.org/W2130937692","https://openalex.org/W2139507824","https://openalex.org/W2148087647","https://openalex.org/W2153605704","https://openalex.org/W2159384300","https://openalex.org/W2181672913","https://openalex.org/W2225194953","https://openalex.org/W2236188336","https://openalex.org/W2333343863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985692142","https://openalex.org/W2073108432","https://openalex.org/W7217229610","https://openalex.org/W2005171113","https://openalex.org/W2901854765","https://openalex.org/W6911892152","https://openalex.org/W4412608599","https://openalex.org/W2962972300","https://openalex.org/W3001541032","https://openalex.org/W2948623873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,40,69,165],"The":[2,27,55,70],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,43,149,169,212],"this":[5,102,137],"paper":[6,28],"is":[7,167,226],"to":[8,78,87,100,110,128,173,208],"present":[9],"insights":[10],"regarding":[11,36],"the":[12,53,119,133,142,170,178,185,196,209,221],"barriers":[13,97,116],"that":[14,73,112,130,152],"prevent":[15],"women":[16,74,113,127,150,194,215],"in":[17,23,52,90,162,187,195,216,218,229],"Lebanon":[18,219],"reaching":[19],"parity":[20],"with":[21],"men":[22,31,109,153],"senior":[24],"leadership":[25,92],"positions.":[26,93],"also":[29],"portrays":[30],"and":[32,63,82,95,191,220],"women\u2019s":[33],"varying":[34],"perceptions":[35,176],"these":[37],"barriers.":[38],"Design/methodology/approach":[39],"A":[41],"total":[42],"129":[44],"participants":[45],"at":[46,157],"a":[47,146],"Lebanese":[48,175],"university":[49],"took":[50],"part":[51],"study.":[54],"data":[56],"collected":[57],"were":[58,66,98,105,123],"analyzed":[59],"using":[60],"SPSS.":[61],"Frequencies":[62],"\u03c7":[64],"2-tests":[65],"conducted.":[67],"Findings":[68],"findings":[71],"suggest":[72],"are":[75,83,132,154],"more":[76,85,106,115,124,139,155],"likely":[77,86,107,125],"be":[79,88],"discriminated":[80],"against":[81],"thus":[84],"underrepresented":[89],"top":[91,159],"Organizational":[94],"cultural":[96],"considered":[99],"cause":[101],"discrimination.":[103],"Women":[104],"than":[108,126,141],"believe":[111,129],"face":[114],"while":[117],"climbing":[118],"career":[120],"ladder.":[121],"Men":[122],"organizations":[131],"parties":[134],"responsible":[135],"for":[136],"underrepresentation,":[138],"so":[140],"surrounding":[143],"culture.":[144],"Surprisingly,":[145],"sound":[147],"proportion":[148],"believed":[151],"competent":[156],"occupying":[158],"management":[160,217],"positions":[161],"Lebanon.":[163],"Originality/value":[164],"This":[166,204],"one":[168],"few":[171],"studies":[172],"explore":[174],"on":[177,193,214],"workplace\u2019s":[179],"glass":[180],"ceiling.":[181],"Further,":[182],"it":[183],"examines":[184],"differences":[186],"opinions":[188],"between":[189],"males":[190],"females":[192],"workplace,":[197],"which":[198,225],"has":[199],"not":[200],"been":[201],"previously":[202],"studied.":[203],"research":[205],"contributes":[206],"further":[207],"existing":[210],"body":[211],"knowledge":[213],"Middle":[222],"Eastern":[223],"region,":[224],"generally":[227],"small":[228],"quantity.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}