{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2224634622","doi":null,"title":"Racial disparities in the risk of developing obesity-related diseases: a cross-sectional study.","display_name":"Racial disparities in the risk of developing obesity-related diseases: a cross-sectional study.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2224634622","mag":"2224634622","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22870574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22870574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22870574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727221","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-3741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-3741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082898543","display_name":"Rosa Rodr\u00edguez-Mongui\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-9395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5526-9395"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and Health Sciences and the Institute for Global Health at the University of Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and Health Sciences and the Institute for Global Health at the University of Massachusetts","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97832763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"308","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-related-comorbidities","display_name":"obesity-related comorbidities","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercholesterolemia","display_name":"hypercholesterolemia","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-americans","display_name":"Hispanic Americans","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-health","display_name":"minority health","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massachusetts","display_name":"Massachusetts","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8296630382537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.7863112688064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.7577229738235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.6278794407844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.6132315397262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5768821239471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.5666027069091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5019049644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4769526720046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4764178991317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45621079206466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4421142339706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.4240611791610718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.415072500705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2008850872516632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1293579339981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.07143643498420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006937","descriptor_name":"Hypercholesterolemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008404","descriptor_name":"Massachusetts","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009203","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Infarction","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040343","descriptor_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050177","descriptor_name":"Overweight","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22870574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22870574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:rosa_rodriguez-monguio-1007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/rosa_rodriguez-monguio/4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2224634622","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22870574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054643957","https://openalex.org/W4302606193","https://openalex.org/W2128531502","https://openalex.org/W2118339293","https://openalex.org/W2074597268","https://openalex.org/W2594512719","https://openalex.org/W1987632608","https://openalex.org/W2242504930","https://openalex.org/W7098378117","https://openalex.org/W2793220367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Analyze":[1],"racial/ethnic":[2,235],"disparities":[3,17],"in":[4,13,18,43],"the":[5,19,202],"prevalence":[6,52,54],"of":[7,21,32,55,59,91,116,134,144,205,214,226,240],"obesity":[8,51,135,215,227,241],"and":[9,15,27,50,53,95,101,118,126,156,184,196,216,220,228],"its":[10,229],"related":[11,24,230],"diseases":[12,23],"Massachusetts":[14],"assess":[16],"risk":[20,213,239],"developing":[22,60],"to":[25,138,167],"overweight":[26,49],"obesity.":[28],"DESIGN:":[29],"Cross-sectional":[30],"analysis":[31],"survey":[33],"data.":[34],"SETTING:":[35],"Community-based":[36],"US":[37],"population.":[38],"SUBJECTS:":[39],"63,235":[40],"non-institutionalized":[41],"adults":[42],"Massachusetts.":[44],"MAIN":[45],"OUTCOME":[46],"MEASURES:":[47],"BMI,":[48],"obesity-related-":[56],"diseases,":[57],"odds":[58,133,143,204,225],"obesity-related":[61,217],"diseases.":[62,218,231],"Participants":[63],"were":[64,164],"considered":[65],"hypercholesterolemic,":[66],"diabetic,":[67],"hypertensive,":[68],"or":[69],"having":[70],"a":[71,78,87,211],"cardiovascular":[72],"disease":[73],"if":[74],"they":[75,84],"reported":[76],"that":[77,83],"health":[79],"professional":[80],"told":[81],"them":[82],"had":[85,131,141,201],"such":[86],"disease.":[88],"Behavioral":[89],"characteristics":[90],"respondents":[92],"included":[93,106],"fruit":[94],"vegetable":[96],"consumption,":[97],"alcohol":[98],"drinking,":[99],"smoking,":[100],"physical":[102],"activity.":[103],"Demographic":[104],"variables":[105],"sex,":[107],"age,":[108],"marital":[109],"status,":[110,112],"employment":[111],"household":[113],"income,":[114],"region":[115],"residence,":[117],"educational":[119],"status.":[120],"RESULTS:":[121],"Blacks":[122,140,197,221],"(OR":[123,128,148,153,158,172,177,181,187,193,198],"=":[124,129,149,154,159,173,178,182,188,194,199],"1.97)":[125],"Hispanics":[127,163,192,219],"1.81)":[130],"higher":[132,142,224],"as":[136],"compared":[137],"Whites.":[139,162,191],"high":[145,169,175],"blood":[146,170],"pressure":[147,171],"1.88),":[150],"heart":[151,185],"attack":[152,186],"1.40)":[155],"stroke":[157,180],"2.14)":[160],"than":[161,190],"more":[165],"likely":[166],"have":[168,222],"1.34),":[174],"cholesterol":[176],"1.56),":[179],"1.71),":[183],"1.54)":[189],"2.71)":[195],"2.58)":[200],"highest":[203],"diabetes.":[206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[207],"Minority":[208],"groups":[209,236],"share":[210],"disproportionate":[212],"significantly":[223],"Continued":[232],"emphasis":[233],"on":[234],"at":[237],"greatest":[238],"remains":[242],"critical.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}