{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2220486709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","title":"Development of a Bikeability Index to Assess the Bicycle-Friendliness of Urban Environments","display_name":"Development of a Bikeability Index to Assess the Bicycle-Friendliness of Urban Environments","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2220486709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","mag":"2220486709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=62520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765068098","display_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"2164-3164","issn":["2164-3164","2164-3172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=62520","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021699412","display_name":"Patricia Jasmin Krenn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766117","display_name":"University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Jasmin Krenn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040233371","display_name":"Pekka Oja","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166137","display_name":"Urho Kaleva Kekkonen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydecq02","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166137"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Oja","raw_affiliation_strings":["UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016940788","display_name":"Sylvia Titze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-7182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-7182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766117","display_name":"University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Titze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8961,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89302858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"04","first_page":"451","last_page":"459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-cycling","display_name":"urban cycling","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-infrastructure","display_name":"cycling infrastructure","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-spaces","display_name":"green spaces","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-roads","display_name":"arterial roads","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topography","display_name":"topography","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling-behavior","display_name":"cycling behavior","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-transportation-planning","display_name":"urban transportation planning","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.856848955154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.7628794312477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5423252582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157085824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384809","display_name":"TRIPS architecture","level":2,"score":0.5053804516792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4877965748310089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41515353322029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.37020984292030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34107309579849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32476431131362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.25994598865509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1781020164489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.09816604852676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=62520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765068098","display_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"2164-3164","issn":["2164-3164","2164-3172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.54045","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=62520","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765068098","display_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"2164-3164","issn":["2164-3164","2164-3172"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2220486709.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2220486709.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27571149","https://openalex.org/W567292312","https://openalex.org/W1519417990","https://openalex.org/W1564346490","https://openalex.org/W1979346062","https://openalex.org/W1990642747","https://openalex.org/W2037158084","https://openalex.org/W2041508277","https://openalex.org/W2045004238","https://openalex.org/W2049815932","https://openalex.org/W2069933785","https://openalex.org/W2069942695","https://openalex.org/W2076125683","https://openalex.org/W2078209036","https://openalex.org/W2082134179","https://openalex.org/W2090394408","https://openalex.org/W2093568470","https://openalex.org/W2098188146","https://openalex.org/W2104265551","https://openalex.org/W2106535338","https://openalex.org/W2115618554","https://openalex.org/W2119616510","https://openalex.org/W2120887097","https://openalex.org/W2129873347","https://openalex.org/W2132668231","https://openalex.org/W2138086936","https://openalex.org/W2141073536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020701769","https://openalex.org/W3118359258","https://openalex.org/W4310059561","https://openalex.org/W2045004238","https://openalex.org/W826481124","https://openalex.org/W4283793738","https://openalex.org/W7118192916","https://openalex.org/W3207880534","https://openalex.org/W7168394293","https://openalex.org/W2931945239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Cycling":[1],"as":[2,246,248],"a":[3,50,54,76,206,240],"means":[4],"of":[5,13,37,63,71,88,95,150,213,218,232,252],"transport":[6,254],"contributes":[7],"to":[8,25,41,58,67,112,145,177,228],"public":[9],"health":[10],"in":[11,92,215,256],"terms":[12],"increasing":[14],"the":[15,60,64,69,72,85,93,103,119,132,136,140,147,151,178,185,211,216,224,230,244,250,253],"physical":[16],"activity":[17],"behaviour":[18,134,194],"and":[19,66,106,118,135,161,167,172],"reducing":[20],"air":[21],"pollution.":[22],"In":[23],"comparison":[24],"walking,":[26],"cycling-spe":[27],"cific":[28],"environmental":[29,86,155],"characteristics":[30,87],"have":[31],"been":[32],"less":[33],"investigated.":[34],"The":[35,129,202],"aim":[36],"this":[38],"study":[39],"was":[40,143,189],"develop,":[42],"based":[43,222],"on":[44,223],"geographic":[45],"information":[46],"systems":[47],"(GIS)":[48],"data,":[49,82],"bikeability":[51,77,116,120,137,186,225],"index":[52,65,117,138,226],"for":[53,122,243,249],"mid-sized":[55],"European":[56],"city,":[57],"examine":[59],"predictive":[61,148],"validity":[62,149],"visualize":[68,229],"bicycle-friendliness":[70,214,231],"city":[73,94,217],"by":[74],"creating":[75],"map.":[78],"Methods:":[79],"Using":[80],"GIS":[81],"we":[83],"assessed":[84],"278":[89],"bicycle":[90,159],"trips":[91],"Graz,":[96],"Austria.":[97],"Characteristics":[98],"which":[99,188],"differed":[100],"significantly":[101],"between":[102,131],"actually":[104,179],"taken":[105],"shortest":[107],"possible":[108],"routes":[109],"were":[110,164,174],"used":[111,180],"form":[113],"an":[114,233],"additive":[115],"map":[121,209],"100":[123,126],"m":[124,127],"\u00d7":[125],"cells.":[128],"relationship":[130],"cycling":[133,193],"around":[139],"home":[141],"environment":[142],"examined":[144],"assess":[146],"index.":[152],"Results:":[153],"Three":[154],"components":[156,169,183],"(cycling":[157],"infrastructure,":[158],"pathways":[160],"green":[162],"areas)":[163],"positively":[165,190],"related,":[166],"two":[168],"(main":[170],"roads,":[171],"topography)":[173],"negatively":[175],"related":[176],"route.":[181],"These":[182],"formed":[184],"index,":[187],"correlated":[191],"with":[192],"(OR:":[195],"1.08,":[196],"95%":[197],"CI":[198],"1.01":[199],"-":[200],"1.17).":[201],"final":[203],"outcome":[204],"is":[205],"high-resolution":[207],"coloured":[208],"indicating":[210],"degree":[212],"Graz.":[219],"Conclusion:":[220],"Mapping":[221],"helps":[227],"urban":[234],"area.":[235],"Therefore,":[236],"it":[237],"should":[238],"be":[239],"useful":[241],"tool":[242],"planning":[245],"well":[247],"evaluation":[251],"environments":[255],"cities.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}