{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2219986776","doi":null,"title":"The Impact of Fractionalization on Cultural Distance Measures","display_name":"The Impact of Fractionalization on Cultural Distance Measures","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2219986776","mag":"2219986776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2219986776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/working_paper_514.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015457925","display_name":"John Manuel Luiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-4424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-4424"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John M. Luiz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-4424","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015457925"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11454","display_name":"Cultural Differences and Values","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-distance","display_name":"cultural distance","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-distance","display_name":"institutional distance","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-development","display_name":"identity construction","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"cultural diversity","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-development","display_name":"institutional development","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71735400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477566","display_name":"Fractionalization","level":3,"score":0.9859052896499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172656115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142613","display_name":"Social distance","level":5,"score":0.587441623210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5859264731407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.560689389705658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5454580783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.5235331058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4602782428264618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67356462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5807210","display_name":"Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory","level":2,"score":0.4560813903808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4534469246864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4526422619819641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36458268761634827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3364749848842621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.33428993821144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2822558879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2647972106933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.2026594877243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16391894221305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.12754058837890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.11275732517242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.07266411185264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2219986776","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.econrsa.org/system/files/publications/working_papers/working_paper_514.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:rza:wpaper:514","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econrsa.org/node/1056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128224793","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W1550902027","https://openalex.org/W1931175478","https://openalex.org/W1965338163","https://openalex.org/W1969562108","https://openalex.org/W1970418088","https://openalex.org/W1972595778","https://openalex.org/W1972845953","https://openalex.org/W1975264861","https://openalex.org/W1979727706","https://openalex.org/W1983825190","https://openalex.org/W1984814217","https://openalex.org/W1985506696","https://openalex.org/W1992524498","https://openalex.org/W1994158418","https://openalex.org/W2002986363","https://openalex.org/W2007850105","https://openalex.org/W2008120441","https://openalex.org/W2008306262","https://openalex.org/W2012048900","https://openalex.org/W2012370212","https://openalex.org/W2012939744","https://openalex.org/W2014421835","https://openalex.org/W2017542692","https://openalex.org/W2018365348","https://openalex.org/W2023999732","https://openalex.org/W2029597610","https://openalex.org/W2031389476","https://openalex.org/W2032148894","https://openalex.org/W2033812391","https://openalex.org/W2041692102","https://openalex.org/W2043731360","https://openalex.org/W2046220940","https://openalex.org/W2048884597","https://openalex.org/W2049090238","https://openalex.org/W2049492812","https://openalex.org/W2050785507","https://openalex.org/W2052006662","https://openalex.org/W2054281360","https://openalex.org/W2054610008","https://openalex.org/W2059151836","https://openalex.org/W2066282825","https://openalex.org/W2067270112","https://openalex.org/W2073015119","https://openalex.org/W2075433277","https://openalex.org/W2079925383","https://openalex.org/W2080360912","https://openalex.org/W2085067690","https://openalex.org/W2088078282","https://openalex.org/W2090949193","https://openalex.org/W2094290648","https://openalex.org/W2098665033","https://openalex.org/W2100352656","https://openalex.org/W2104484695","https://openalex.org/W2106814949","https://openalex.org/W2115891160","https://openalex.org/W2116303700","https://openalex.org/W2122929840","https://openalex.org/W2123845521","https://openalex.org/W2125353502","https://openalex.org/W2131062724","https://openalex.org/W2132768431","https://openalex.org/W2133369488","https://openalex.org/W2135737934","https://openalex.org/W2138733263","https://openalex.org/W2140918013","https://openalex.org/W2145503717","https://openalex.org/W2148948369","https://openalex.org/W2150151126","https://openalex.org/W2150209678","https://openalex.org/W2152500826","https://openalex.org/W2160139646","https://openalex.org/W2163989766","https://openalex.org/W2164203096","https://openalex.org/W2284219800","https://openalex.org/W2781638653","https://openalex.org/W2946633572","https://openalex.org/W3121509765","https://openalex.org/W3122681988","https://openalex.org/W3123089699","https://openalex.org/W3125705609","https://openalex.org/W4250148132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136533665","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W2939411674","https://openalex.org/W1563065203","https://openalex.org/W2091353234","https://openalex.org/W7113342473","https://openalex.org/W7008850467","https://openalex.org/W1997370032","https://openalex.org/W6894131346","https://openalex.org/W2207402655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,83],"examine":[1],"the":[2,25,44,60,102,105,136],"impact":[3,69],"of":[4,22,27,46,90,101,104,107,131],"ethno-linguistic":[5],"fractionalization":[6,23],"(ELF)":[7],"on":[8],"existing":[9],"cultural":[10,33,61,96,118],"measures":[11,97],"employed":[12],"in":[13,78,95,135],"various":[14],"social":[15,137],"sciences.":[16,138],"Not":[17],"only":[18],"do":[19],"high":[20],"levels":[21],"affect":[24],"use":[26],"statistical":[28],"means":[29],"to":[30,49,58],"account":[31],"for":[32,85,99,127],"distance,":[34],"we":[35],"show":[36],"that":[37],"it":[38],"is":[39,92],"not":[40],"constant":[41],"and":[42,63,72,74,98,110,122,133],"therefore":[43],"dynamics":[45],"change":[47],"need":[48],"be":[50],"addressed.":[51],"This":[52],"provides":[53],"us":[54],"with":[55],"an":[56],"opportunity":[57],"bridge":[59],"distance":[62,65,132],"institutional":[64,75],"literature":[66],"as":[67],"institutions":[68],"upon":[70],"culture":[71],"MNEs,":[73],"development":[76],"is,":[77],"turn,":[79],"affected":[80],"by":[81],"these.":[82],"call":[84],"a":[86,128],"more":[87],"realistic":[88],"assessment":[89],"what":[91],"being":[93],"captured":[94],"recognition":[100],"complexity":[103],"notion":[106],"identity":[108],"formation":[109],"its":[111,123],"dynamics.":[112],"Countries":[113],"may":[114],"have":[115],"different":[116],"underlying":[117],"schisms,":[119],"including":[120],"ELF,":[121],"introduction":[124],"will":[125],"allow":[126],"richer":[129],"exploration":[130],"diversity":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
