{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2219633375","doi":null,"title":"[Maternal mortality: levels, trends, and differentials].","display_name":"[Maternal mortality: levels, trends, and differentials].","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2219633375","mag":"2219633375","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12346036"},"language":"es","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12346036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12346036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demos (Mexico City, Mexico)","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025952844","display_name":"Ana Langer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-2844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-2844","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-4939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033705370","display_name":"Rafael Lozano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-8823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-8823"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Lozano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058285068","display_name":"Bernardo Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-8841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-8841"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20643034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"6","first_page":"10","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11389","display_name":"Maternal and fetal healthcare","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-mortality","display_name":"maternal mortality","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexico","display_name":"Mexico","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trends-in-maternal-mortality","display_name":"maternal mortality trends","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequality","display_name":"socioeconomic disparities","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginalization-index","display_name":"marginalization index","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality","display_name":"social inequality","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventable-maternal-deaths","display_name":"preventable maternal deaths","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.7469573020935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.6500794887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.6002258658409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.526298999786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4415302574634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.4303273558616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4016055464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.29822784662246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000569","descriptor_name":"Americas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007843","descriptor_name":"Latin America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008428","descriptor_name":"Maternal Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008800","descriptor_name":"Mexico","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009656","descriptor_name":"North America","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011153","descriptor_name":"Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011157","descriptor_name":"Population Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12346036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12346036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Demos (Mexico City, Mexico)","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:2219633375","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12346036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024714482","https://openalex.org/W1502047303","https://openalex.org/W6946204360","https://openalex.org/W4318166440","https://openalex.org/W2415773213","https://openalex.org/W2330300095","https://openalex.org/W1849101414","https://openalex.org/W2461031419","https://openalex.org/W7049030157","https://openalex.org/W2225717800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Maternal":[0,296],"mortality":[1,14,38,130,158,174,192,248,276,297,316],"in":[2,20,24,33,45,102,106,113,143,149,166,179,227,231,238,243,270,290,306],"Mexico":[3,203],"has":[4,58],"declined":[5],"significantly":[6],"over":[7,176],"the":[8,34,47,55,120,167,180,200,228,320],"past":[9],"half":[10],"century.":[11],"The":[12,26,36,60,78,128,182,189,234,246],"maternal":[13,37,64,94,129,157,173,191,225,247,275,311,315],"rate":[15,39,131,249],"was":[16,125,132],"53/10,000":[17],"live":[18],"births":[19],"1940":[21],"and":[22,28,44,52,98,111,139,169,199,217,241],"5.1":[23],"1990.":[25],"greatest":[27],"most":[29,321],"rapid":[30],"decline":[31],"occurred":[32,230],"1940s.":[35],"is":[40,66,185,317],"still":[41],"too":[42],"high,":[43],"addition":[46],"differential":[48],"between":[49,96],"Mexican":[50],"rates":[51,159,193,235,277],"those":[53,114,144,150,170,207],"of":[54,80,160,175,194,202,208,224,256,278,283,319,324],"developed":[56],"countries":[57],"increased.":[59],"average":[61,121],"age":[62],"at":[63],"death":[65,81,284],"29":[67],"years,":[68],"a":[69,281,301],"full":[70],"40":[71],"years":[72,212,221],"less":[73],"than":[74,148,288],"potential":[75],"life":[76],"expectancy.":[77],"risk":[79,282],"from":[82],"causes":[83],"related":[84],"to":[85,206,299],"reproduction":[86],"varies":[87],"substantially":[88],"by":[89],"educational":[90],"level.":[91],"Of":[92],"all":[93],"deaths":[95,226,312],"1986":[97],"1991,":[99],"26%":[100],"were":[101,236],"illiterate":[103,137],"women,":[104],"33%":[105],"women":[107,138,269,289],"with":[108,115,155,171,252,259],"incomplete":[109],"primary,":[110],"24%":[112],"complete":[116,126],"primary.":[117,127],"In":[118],"1990,":[119],"female":[122],"school":[123],"attainment":[124],"eight":[133],"times":[134,141,286],"higher":[135,142],"among":[136],"five":[140],"not":[145],"completing":[146],"primary":[147],"finishing":[151],"preparatory.":[152],"Geographically,":[153],"states":[154],"low":[156,293],"under":[161],"3.1":[162],"are":[163,178,204,313],"mainly":[164],"located":[165],"north":[168],"high":[172],"6.0":[177],"south.":[181],"central":[183],"zone":[184],"an":[186],"intermediate":[187],"area.":[188],"1991":[190],"Oaxaca,":[195],"Puebla,":[196],"Tlaxcala,":[197],"Veracruz,":[198],"state":[201],"similar":[205],"Nuevo":[209],"Leon":[210],"30":[211],"ago":[213],"or":[214,280],"Aguascalientes,":[215],"Sonora,":[216],"Baja":[218],"California":[219],"20":[220],"ago.":[222],"72%":[223],"1980s":[229],"rural":[232,239],"areas.":[233,245],"6.5/10,000":[237],"areas":[240],"4.1/10,000":[242],"urban":[244],"also":[250],"increases":[251],"marginalization.":[253,295],"An":[254],"index":[255],"marginalization":[257],"constructed":[258],"census":[260],"data":[261],"using":[262],"multivariate":[263],"techniques":[264],"showed":[265],"that":[266],"fertile":[267],"aged":[268],"very":[271],"marginalized":[272],"municipios":[273,291],"had":[274],"11.5/10,000,":[279],"three":[285],"greater":[287],"scoring":[292],"for":[294],"continues":[298],"be":[300],"priority":[302],"public":[303],"health":[304],"problem":[305],"Mexico.":[307],"Because":[308],"so":[309],"many":[310],"preventable,":[314],"one":[318],"revealing":[322],"indicators":[323],"social":[325],"inequality.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}