{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2215844009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","title":"Understanding E-Democracy Government-Led Initiatives for Democratic Reform","display_name":"Understanding E-Democracy Government-Led Initiatives for Democratic Reform","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2215844009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","mag":"2215844009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","pdf_url":"https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/download/221/182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234982","display_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","issn_l":"2075-9517","issn":["2075-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317883","host_organization_name":"University for Continuing Education Krems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317883"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University for Continuing Education Krems"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/download/221/182","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024860289","display_name":"Julie Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-4105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-4105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Canberra"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Canberra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050957016","display_name":"Sharna Quirke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharna Quirke","raw_affiliation_strings":["UK ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UK ,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.6345,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99283169,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"141","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-democracy","display_name":"digital democracy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-reform","display_name":"democratic reform","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-participation","display_name":"e-participation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-political-engagement","display_name":"youth political engagement","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-legitimacy","display_name":"government legitimacy","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-culture","display_name":"government culture","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-government","display_name":"e-government","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/milton-keynes","display_name":"Milton Keynes","score":0.7099999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.8163977861404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.632897675037384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6252855062484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779850767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855175","display_name":"E-democracy","level":4,"score":0.6082123517990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776431611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116870","display_name":"Civic engagement","level":3,"score":0.570366621017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5475314259529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5049989819526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5022182464599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777221391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720829","display_name":"Open government","level":3,"score":0.49737146496772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4549706280231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.44243863224983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3846827745437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.14621663093566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08573198318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","pdf_url":"https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/download/221/182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234982","display_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","issn_l":"2075-9517","issn":["2075-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317883","host_organization_name":"University for Continuing Education Krems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317883"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University for Continuing Education Krems"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:tle:440137eb-c224-429a-b567-d2dfea151e02:1f071524-0ffb-45dd-b0fd-e2ac8222ffc2:1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/items/440137eb-c224-429a-b567-d2dfea151e02/1/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050591","display_name":"University of Canberra Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","host_organization_name":"University of Canberra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b09a6bda1940445a939b9105d44e5e8b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b09a6bda1940445a939b9105d44e5e8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30075430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/view/221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20908789","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Understanding_e-democracy_government-led_initiatives_for_democratic_reform/20908789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221","pdf_url":"https://jedem.org/index.php/jedem/article/download/221/182","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234982","display_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","issn_l":"2075-9517","issn":["2075-9517"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317883","host_organization_name":"University for Continuing Education Krems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317883"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University for Continuing Education Krems"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2215844009.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2215844009.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8375484","https://openalex.org/W47673855","https://openalex.org/W78861727","https://openalex.org/W127698323","https://openalex.org/W136222256","https://openalex.org/W164090697","https://openalex.org/W356811867","https://openalex.org/W565832717","https://openalex.org/W587930531","https://openalex.org/W601007401","https://openalex.org/W955714703","https://openalex.org/W1480410867","https://openalex.org/W1482220089","https://openalex.org/W1538174276","https://openalex.org/W1543551786","https://openalex.org/W1548512163","https://openalex.org/W1550405527","https://openalex.org/W1558449602","https://openalex.org/W1575029782","https://openalex.org/W1582842388","https://openalex.org/W1600819042","https://openalex.org/W1966253109","https://openalex.org/W1977037734","https://openalex.org/W1978752148","https://openalex.org/W1981192547","https://openalex.org/W1990639348","https://openalex.org/W2000569653","https://openalex.org/W2011341689","https://openalex.org/W2035669333","https://openalex.org/W2047777424","https://openalex.org/W2052168840","https://openalex.org/W2053172217","https://openalex.org/W2058068570","https://openalex.org/W2069601770","https://openalex.org/W2083837132","https://openalex.org/W2084355379","https://openalex.org/W2097811905","https://openalex.org/W2100277498","https://openalex.org/W2119299160","https://openalex.org/W2122911160","https://openalex.org/W2129444086","https://openalex.org/W2136904606","https://openalex.org/W2138096326","https://openalex.org/W2139240611","https://openalex.org/W2141826383","https://openalex.org/W2150929043","https://openalex.org/W2181892512","https://openalex.org/W2197037594","https://openalex.org/W2230732072","https://openalex.org/W2484517440","https://openalex.org/W2491121430","https://openalex.org/W2505669920","https://openalex.org/W2754822550","https://openalex.org/W2775505428","https://openalex.org/W4240407043","https://openalex.org/W4246309797","https://openalex.org/W4252710704","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301337978","https://openalex.org/W4301948712","https://openalex.org/W6620461020","https://openalex.org/W6628780128","https://openalex.org/W6639839080","https://openalex.org/W6997200864","https://openalex.org/W7009241999","https://openalex.org/W7018881464","https://openalex.org/W7019801141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318966887","https://openalex.org/W2270218193","https://openalex.org/W2208386499","https://openalex.org/W2135436747","https://openalex.org/W1978729809","https://openalex.org/W2061707791","https://openalex.org/W1952227064","https://openalex.org/W2504265821","https://openalex.org/W4249147600","https://openalex.org/W2495468134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Information":[0],"and":[1,31,39,122,141],"communication":[2],"technologies":[3],"(ICTs)":[4],"offer":[5],"opportunities":[6,137],"for":[7,138],"greater":[8],"civic":[9,46,94,139],"participation":[10,55,130],"in":[11,58,71,79,103,108,114],"democratic":[12,158,177],"reform.":[13,98,178],"Government":[14],"ICT":[15],"use":[16],"has,":[17],"however,":[18],"predominantly":[19],"been":[20],"associated":[21],"with":[22,128],"e-government":[23,38],"applications":[24],"that":[25,143,172],"focus":[26],"on":[27],"one-way":[28],"information":[29],"provision":[30],"service":[32],"delivery.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35],"distinguishes":[36],"between":[37],"processes":[40,132],"of":[41,76,133,154],"e-democracy,":[42],"which":[43],"facilitate":[44,135],"active":[45],"engagement":[47,70,159],"through":[48],"two-way,":[49],"ongoing":[50],"dialogue.":[51],"It":[52],"draws":[53],"from":[54,150],"initiatives":[56],"undertaken":[57,169],"two":[59],"case":[60],"studies.":[61],"The":[62,83],"first":[63],"highlights":[64],"efforts":[65],"to":[66,92,105,119,175],"increase":[67,93],"youth":[68],"political":[69],"the":[72,80,109,151],"local":[73],"government":[74],"area":[75],"Milton":[77],"Keynes":[78],"United":[81],"Kingdom.":[82],"second":[84],"is":[85,117,160],"Iceland\u2019s":[86],"constitutional":[87,97],"crowdsourcing,":[88],"an":[89],"initiative":[90],"intended":[91],"input":[95],"into":[96],"These":[99],"examples":[100],"illustrate":[101],"that,":[102],"order":[104],"maintain":[106],"legitimacy":[107],"networked":[110],"environment,":[111],"a":[112,161],"change":[113],"governmental":[115],"culture":[116],"required":[118],"enable":[120,173],"open":[121],"responsive":[123],"e-democracy":[124,134],"practices.":[125],"When":[126],"coupled":[127],"traditional":[129],"methods,":[131],"widespread":[136],"involvement":[140],"indicate":[142],"digital":[144],"practices":[145],"should":[146],"not":[147],"be":[148],"separated":[149],"everyday":[152],"operations":[153],"government.":[155],"While":[156],"online":[157],"slowly":[162],"evolving":[163],"process,":[164],"initial":[165],"steps":[166],"are":[167],"being":[168],"by":[170],"governments":[171],"e-participation":[174],"shape":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}