{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2212411124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","title":"The Hawkeye Initiative : Pinning Down Transformative Feminisms in Comic-Book Culture through Superhero Crossplay Fan Art","display_name":"The Hawkeye Initiative : Pinning Down Transformative Feminisms in Comic-Book Culture through Superhero Crossplay Fan Art","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2212411124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","mag":"2212411124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cj.2015.0075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183576461","display_name":"Cinema Journal","issn_l":"0009-7101","issn":["0009-7101","1527-2087","1550-0349","2326-6791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-140"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315957","host_organization_name":"University of Texas Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315957","https://openalex.org/P4310316937"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Texas Press","University of Texas at Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cinema Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085114030","display_name":"Suzanne Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-9573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-9573"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suzanne Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085114030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.1322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98293914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"1","first_page":"150","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12390","display_name":"Comics and Graphic Narratives","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11540","display_name":"Gender, Feminism, and Media","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12275","display_name":"Gender and Feminist Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fan-art","display_name":"fan art","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-works","display_name":"transformative works","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superhero-comics","display_name":"superhero comics","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-female-characters","display_name":"strong female characters","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-gaze","display_name":"male gaze","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marvel-comics","display_name":"Marvel Comics","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-representation-in-comics","display_name":"gender representation in comics","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.9109688997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510893854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773944","display_name":"Fandom","level":2,"score":0.7734900116920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.5626717209815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.545667827129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.5273759365081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96089941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131265","display_name":"Popular culture","level":2,"score":0.5149319767951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.41220155358314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.35159844160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.33758026361465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3036718964576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10956937074661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cj.2015.0075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183576461","display_name":"Cinema Journal","issn_l":"0009-7101","issn":["0009-7101","1527-2087","1550-0349","2326-6791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-140"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315957","host_organization_name":"University of Texas Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315957","https://openalex.org/P4310316937"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Texas Press","University of Texas at Austin"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cinema Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560224352","https://openalex.org/W641871094","https://openalex.org/W649494714","https://openalex.org/W1517616975","https://openalex.org/W1579612150","https://openalex.org/W1642719856","https://openalex.org/W1934014890","https://openalex.org/W1986868471","https://openalex.org/W2029710118","https://openalex.org/W2038600245","https://openalex.org/W2048782484","https://openalex.org/W2051372192","https://openalex.org/W2078094293","https://openalex.org/W2114312205","https://openalex.org/W2252255933","https://openalex.org/W2551013721","https://openalex.org/W2559939302","https://openalex.org/W3145156415"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232146838","https://openalex.org/W1642719856","https://openalex.org/W4237252323","https://openalex.org/W2912872997","https://openalex.org/W233771907","https://openalex.org/W4246493437","https://openalex.org/W4256482299","https://openalex.org/W4383555619","https://openalex.org/W7135564552","https://openalex.org/W2914064963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,126,202,238,286,327,458,581,601],"Hawkeye":[1,127,203,328,459,582,602],"Initiative:Pinning":[2],"Down":[3],"Transformative":[4],"Feminisms":[5],"in":[6,112,155,211,226,241,258,308,315,336,481,488,624,643,648,659],"Comic-Book":[7],"Culture":[8],"through":[9],"Superhero":[10],"Crossplay":[11],"Fan":[12,17],"Art":[13],"Suzanne":[14],"Scott":[15],"(bio)":[16],"studies'":[18],"preoccupation":[19],"with":[20,232,266],"fan":[21,54,61,64,76,83,103,123,145,149,152,169,188,338,422,454,479,584,612,633,657],"art":[22,77,124,146,177,189,339,455,585,623,634],"has":[23,604],"never":[24],"fully":[25],"manifested":[26],"into":[27],"a":[28,172,185,191,206,215,297,316,333,346,519,535,563,573,591,617,625],"robust":[29,193],"theorization":[30],"of":[31,52,68,73,119,144,179,187,195,312,332,343,348,355,371,404,419,451,478,493,498,534,557,562,576,597,610,620,627],"the":[32,50,139,175,230,235,242,267,278,303,309,352,364,368,388,412,416,452,489,532,542,554,560,577,595,598,606,637],"area.":[33],"That":[34],"is":[35,99,133,205,245,319,384,398,652],"to":[36,46,60,106,183,199,219,246,289,375,391,426,457,655],"say,":[37],"although":[38],"fans'":[39],"transformative":[40,121,142,349,428,453],"works":[41,658],"have":[42,56,616,662],"long":[43,618],"been":[44],"central":[45],"both":[47,184,320,411,553],"fandom":[48],"and":[49,63,85,94,141,190,197,251,282,322,362,396,415,424,434,491,500,510,538,546,550,559,587,632,646,668],"study":[51],"fans,":[53],"scholars":[55],"paid":[57],"disproportionate":[58],"attention":[59],"fiction":[62],"vids":[65],"as":[66,87,89,330,345,590,608],"objects":[67],"study.1":[69],"relative":[71],"lack":[72],"scholarship":[74],"on":[75,214,360,377,385,468,503,600],"(which,":[78],"broadly":[79,653],"defined,":[80],"would":[81,516],"include":[82],"drawing":[84,502],"painting,":[86],"well":[88],"digital":[90],"image":[91],"manipulations,":[92],"mash-ups,":[93],"even":[95],"potentially":[96],"animated":[97],"GIFs)":[98],"particularly":[100],"confounding":[101],"given":[102],"culture's":[104],"migration":[105],"platforms":[107],"like":[108,171],"Tumblr":[109],"that":[110,131,136,299,318,580],"trade":[111],"spreadable":[113],"fan-produced":[114],"imagery.":[115],"Through":[116],"an":[117,167,401],"analysis":[118],"one":[120,161],"superhero":[122,227,379,420,431,524],"site,":[125,209],"Initiative,":[128],"I":[129,325,409],"contend":[130,671],"it":[132],"especially":[134],"vital":[135],"we":[137,473,567],"consider":[138,410],"place,":[140],"potential,":[143],"within":[147],"comics":[148,180,337],"culture.":[150],"Although":[151],"texts":[153,198],"are":[154,255,485],"no":[156],"way":[157,317],"medium":[158],"specific":[159],"(e.g.,":[160,629],"might":[162,568],"write":[163],"textual":[164],"fanfic":[165],"about":[166],"audiovisual":[168],"object,":[170],"television":[173],"show),":[174],"sequential":[176],"form":[178],"lends":[181],"itself":[182,361,639],"proliferation":[186],"more":[192,393,437],"collection":[194],"terminology":[196],"theorize":[200],"it.":[201],"Initiative":[204,329,603],"crowdsourced":[207],"fan-art":[208],"founded":[210],"December":[212],"2012":[213],"simple":[216],"premise:":[217],"\"How":[218],"fix":[220],"every":[221],"Strong":[222],"Female":[223],"Character":[224],"pose":[225,283],"comics:":[228],"replace":[229],"character":[231,269],"Hawk-eye":[233],"doing":[234],"same":[236],"thing.\"2":[237],"\"initiative\"":[239],"referenced":[240],"site's":[243],"title":[244],"\"illustrate":[247],"how":[248],"deformed,":[249],"hyper-sexualized,":[250],"impossibly":[252],"contorted":[253],"women":[254,372],"commonly":[256],"illustrated":[257],"comics\"":[259],"by":[260,505],"redrawing":[261],"comic-book":[262,435],"panels":[263],"featuring":[264],"superheroines":[265],"Marvel":[268],"[End":[270,526],"Page":[271,527],"150]":[272],"Clint":[273],"\"Hawkeye\"":[274],"Barton":[275],"while":[276],"retaining":[277],"superheroine's":[279],"hypersexualized":[280],"costume":[281],"(Figure":[284],"1).3":[285],"site":[287],"aims":[288],"be":[290,641],"not":[291],"just":[292],"illustrative":[293,331],"but":[294],"also":[295],"transformative:":[296],"\"way":[298],"people":[300],"can":[301,640],"express":[302],"desire":[304],"for":[305,367,430,440],"[a":[306],"change":[307],"extreme":[310],"sexism":[311],"modern":[313],"comics]":[314],"compelling":[321],"fun.\"4":[323],"Similarly,":[324],"position":[326],"broader":[334],"trend":[335],"toward":[340,572],"gender-swapped":[341],"renderings":[342],"characters":[344],"mode":[347],"intervention,":[350],"\"turning":[351],"male":[353,483],"gaze":[354],"comic":[356],"book":[357],"culture":[358,436],"back":[359],"holding":[363],"industry":[365],"accountable":[366],"paltry":[369],"number":[370],"being":[373],"hired":[374],"work":[376,504],"mainstream":[378],"titles.\"5":[380],"Though":[381,614],"my":[382],"focus":[383],"superhero(ine)":[386],"representations,":[387],"industry's":[389],"aversion":[390],"hiring":[392],"female":[394,495],"creators":[395],"artists":[397],"always":[399,529],"already":[400,530],"implicit":[402],"component":[403],"this":[405,475],"representational":[406],"critique.":[407],"Here,":[408],"formal":[413],"dimensions":[414],"cultural":[417],"implications":[418],"crossplay":[421],"art,":[423,480],"gesture":[425],"its":[427,588,644,649],"capacity":[429,589],"representations":[432],"specifically":[433],"broadly.":[438],"Click":[439],"larger":[441],"view":[442],"View":[443],"full":[444],"resolution":[445],"Figure":[446],"1.":[447],"A":[448,466],"typical":[449],"example":[450],"submitted":[456],"Initiative.":[460],"Credit:":[461],"moneynolaundry.":[462],"Crossplay,":[463],"Genderswap,":[464],"Drag:":[465],"Note":[467],"Terminology":[469],"What,":[470],"then,":[471],"do":[472],"call":[474],"particular":[476],"strain":[477],"which":[482,660],"superheroes":[484],"parodically":[486],"styled":[487],"costumes":[490],"poses":[492],"their":[494],"counterparts?":[496],"Theories":[497],"drag":[499,540],"camp,":[501],"Esther":[506],"Newton,":[507],"Judith":[508],"Butler,":[509],"J.":[511],"Jack":[512],"Halberstam,":[513],"among":[514],"others,":[515],"certainly":[517],"offer":[518],"rich":[520],"theoretical":[521],"framework.6":[522],"Because":[523],"narratives":[525],"151]":[528],"complicate":[531],"notion":[533,561],"\"true\"":[536],"identity,":[537],"likewise":[539],"\"subverts":[541],"distinction":[543],"between":[544],"inner":[545],"outer":[547],"psychic":[548],"space":[549],"effectively":[551],"mocks":[552],"expressive":[555],"model":[556],"gender":[558,565],"true":[564],"identity,\"":[566],"couple":[569],"these":[570],"theories":[571],"better":[574],"understanding":[575],"camp":[578],"humor":[579],"Initiative's":[583],"employs":[586],"feminist":[592],"project.7":[593],"However,":[594],"bulk":[596],"reporting":[599],"defined":[605],"images":[607],"examples":[609],"\"genderswap\"":[611,622],"art.8":[613],"fans":[615],"history":[619],"producing":[621],"variety":[626],"forms":[628],"fanfic,":[630],"cosplay,":[631],"most":[635],"prominently),":[636],"label":[638],"slippery":[642],"definition":[645],"problematic":[647],"application.":[650],"\"Genderswap\"":[651],"used":[654],"classify":[656],"\"characters":[661],"become":[663],"differently":[664],"sexed.\"9":[665],"Kristina":[666],"Busse":[667],"Alexis":[669],"Lothian":[670],"that...":[672]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
