{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2211254307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","title":"Effects of using a Smart Phone on Pedestrians\u2019 Attention and Walking","display_name":"Effects of using a Smart Phone on Pedestrians\u2019 Attention and Walking","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2211254307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","mag":"2211254307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235197891500565X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898447089","display_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","issn_l":"2351-9789","issn":["2351-9789"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235197891500565X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037858905","display_name":"Shigeru Haga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133557312","display_name":"Rikkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x194q47","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shigeru Haga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066981949","display_name":"Ayaka Sano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133557312","display_name":"Rikkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x194q47","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayaka Sano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068329398","display_name":"Yuri SEKINE","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133557312","display_name":"Rikkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x194q47","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Sekine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082813742","display_name":"Hideka Sato","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133557312","display_name":"Rikkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x194q47","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideka Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102377012","display_name":"Saki Yamaguchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133557312","display_name":"Rikkyo University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x194q47","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saki Yamaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Rikkyo University,1-2-26 Kitano, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085757097","display_name":"Kosuke Masuda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kosuke Masuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["U\u2019eyes Design Inc., 1-4-4 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0043 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U\u2019eyes Design Inc., 1-4-4 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0043 Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037858905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133557312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.2548,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98762172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"2574","last_page":"2580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.7827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.07150000333786011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-use-while-walking","display_name":"smartphone use while walking","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distracted-walking","display_name":"distracted walking","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-target-detection","display_name":"visual target detection","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auditory-target-detection","display_name":"auditory target detection","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-gaming","display_name":"mobile gaming","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-messaging","display_name":"text messaging","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-watching","display_name":"video viewing","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-safety","display_name":"pedestrian safety","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.7727576494216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.5180906653404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.4664928913116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4573180079460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38583874702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3399564325809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25566333532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14526033401489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235197891500565X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898447089","display_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","issn_l":"2351-9789","issn":["2351-9789"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.564","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235197891500565X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898447089","display_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","issn_l":"2351-9789","issn":["2351-9789"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Procedia Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2211254307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2211254307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2162626411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309367756","https://openalex.org/W4293780314","https://openalex.org/W3115237043","https://openalex.org/W7010298558","https://openalex.org/W1969736110","https://openalex.org/W2902419341","https://openalex.org/W2496149444","https://openalex.org/W156019125","https://openalex.org/W2613775817","https://openalex.org/W2551119352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effects":[0],"of":[1,94,125,152,169,236,262],"\u201csmart-phoning\u201d":[2],"(using":[3],"a":[4,12,25,28,31,101,117,123,135,153,259,279],"smart":[5,280],"phone)":[6],"while":[7,146],"walking":[8,16,96,147,178],"were":[9,57,86,114,212],"investigated":[10],"in":[11,38,41,74,104],"laboratory":[13],"experiment.":[14],"While":[15],"with":[17,191,243,278],"an":[18],"iPhone":[19],"5s,":[20],"24":[21],"undergraduate":[22],"students":[23],"texted":[24],"message,":[26],"watched":[27],"video,":[29],"played":[30],"game,":[32],"and":[33,46,128,209,250],"just":[34],"held":[35,73],"the":[36,51,70,75,81,95,129,139,150,162,167,174,177,188,194,199,221,225,229,244,248,256],"phone":[37],"one":[39],"hand":[40,76],"addition":[42],"to":[43,58,60,109,132,134],"performing":[44],"visual":[45,84,208,238],"auditory":[47,112,210],"detection":[48,55],"tasks":[49,56,145],"at":[50],"same":[52],"time.":[53],"The":[54,83,98,111],"respond":[59,133],"designated":[61],"target":[62,99,130],"signals":[63,113],"as":[64,66],"quickly":[65],"possible":[67],"by":[68,156],"clicking":[69],"wireless":[71],"mouse":[72],"that":[77,166,172],"did":[78],"not":[79],"hold":[80],"phone.":[82,281],"stimuli":[85],"presented":[87,115],"on":[88,161],"4":[89],"video":[90,251],"displays":[91],"placed":[92],"outside":[93],"route.":[97],"was":[100,131,180,228,240],"sudden":[102],"change":[103],"screen":[105],"color":[106],"from":[107],"blue":[108],"red.":[110],"through":[116],"loudspeaker":[118],"once":[119],"each":[120],"second":[121],"for":[122,193,206,272],"duration":[124],"500":[126],"ms,":[127],"higher":[136,242,260],"pitch":[137],"within":[138],"tones.":[140],"Participants":[141],"performed":[142],"these":[143],"multiple":[144],"clockwise":[148],"along":[149],"perimeter":[151],"3":[154,157],"m":[155,158],"square":[159],"marked":[160],"floor.":[163],"Results":[164],"showed":[165],"number":[168],"right":[170],"footsteps":[171],"missed":[173,237],"line":[175],"marking":[176],"route":[179],"greater":[181],"under":[182,187,215,220],"cell":[183,200,216,232,269],"phone-use":[184,201,217,233],"conditions":[185,218],"than":[186,219,247],"control":[189,222,249],"condition,":[190],"results":[192,257],"game":[195,226,245],"condition":[196,227,246],"worst":[197,230],"among":[198,231,264],"conditions.":[202,234,253],"Mean":[203],"reaction":[204],"times":[205],"both":[207],"targets":[211,239],"significantly":[213,241],"longer":[214],"condition.":[223],"Again,":[224],"Number":[235],"watching":[252],"In":[254],"summary,":[255],"suggest":[258],"risk":[261],"accidents":[263],"pedestrians":[265],"who":[266,274],"are":[267,275],"using":[268],"phones,":[270],"especially":[271],"those":[273],"playing":[276],"games":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
