{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2210249549","doi":null,"title":"Reprogramming human somatic cells to pluripotency using RNA","display_name":"Reprogramming human somatic cells to pluripotency using RNA","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2210249549","mag":"2210249549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/70786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70786","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstreams/ca33d074-22bd-4ee6-bcd5-2bab5adf8295/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstreams/ca33d074-22bd-4ee6-bcd5-2bab5adf8295/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113544324","display_name":"Matthew Angel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Angel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113544324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10268","display_name":"Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-cell-reprogramming","display_name":"somatic cell reprogramming","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pluripotency","display_name":"pluripotency","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells","display_name":"induced pluripotent stem cells","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblasts","display_name":"fibroblasts","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratoma","display_name":"teratoma","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copy-number-variation","display_name":"copy number variation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integration-free-reprogramming","display_name":"integration-free reprogramming","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-specific-stem-cells","display_name":"patient-derived stem cells","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reprogramming-efficiency","display_name":"reprogramming efficiency","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.9107361435890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.6310631036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5110236406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.47451940178871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107459253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925","display_name":"Induced pluripotent stem cell","level":4,"score":0.4437936842441559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.41830122470855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33789873123168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.309125155210495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.16345393657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.15666276216506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.13134685158729553}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/70786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70786","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstreams/ca33d074-22bd-4ee6-bcd5-2bab5adf8295/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2210249549","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/70786","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/70786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70786","pdf_url":"https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstreams/ca33d074-22bd-4ee6-bcd5-2bab5adf8295/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2210249549.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2210249549.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95169970","https://openalex.org/W103081912","https://openalex.org/W1521436470","https://openalex.org/W1574158932","https://openalex.org/W1969544212","https://openalex.org/W1969601023","https://openalex.org/W1973816411","https://openalex.org/W1975860387","https://openalex.org/W1977290507","https://openalex.org/W1983784090","https://openalex.org/W1985140771","https://openalex.org/W1986178107","https://openalex.org/W1991037959","https://openalex.org/W1991537633","https://openalex.org/W1994391392","https://openalex.org/W1997932830","https://openalex.org/W2002179012","https://openalex.org/W2009229545","https://openalex.org/W2017438799","https://openalex.org/W2017515700","https://openalex.org/W2019167811","https://openalex.org/W2025980739","https://openalex.org/W2027434594","https://openalex.org/W2032948492","https://openalex.org/W2048647789","https://openalex.org/W2050843600","https://openalex.org/W2051091654","https://openalex.org/W2053911973","https://openalex.org/W2057818977","https://openalex.org/W2058647478","https://openalex.org/W2062490839","https://openalex.org/W2072239613","https://openalex.org/W2072621038","https://openalex.org/W2074725342","https://openalex.org/W2076361525","https://openalex.org/W2077873907","https://openalex.org/W2078119356","https://openalex.org/W2086274688","https://openalex.org/W2086663462","https://openalex.org/W2086943348","https://openalex.org/W2093888082","https://openalex.org/W2098597036","https://openalex.org/W2099866950","https://openalex.org/W2100018747","https://openalex.org/W2109346638","https://openalex.org/W2110654245","https://openalex.org/W2118926211","https://openalex.org/W2125708644","https://openalex.org/W2125987139","https://openalex.org/W2126376889","https://openalex.org/W2126432370","https://openalex.org/W2130356175","https://openalex.org/W2138977668","https://openalex.org/W2141856502","https://openalex.org/W2142046859","https://openalex.org/W2148043102","https://openalex.org/W2150197150","https://openalex.org/W2152483372","https://openalex.org/W2154128645","https://openalex.org/W2156788486","https://openalex.org/W2163404991","https://openalex.org/W2170647698","https://openalex.org/W2172207274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284566473","https://openalex.org/W4281745264","https://openalex.org/W1544649715","https://openalex.org/W3183683985","https://openalex.org/W2014763615","https://openalex.org/W1567850633","https://openalex.org/W1533211239","https://openalex.org/W4298010020","https://openalex.org/W7061580412","https://openalex.org/W2409943163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Somatic":[0],"cells":[1,45],"can":[2,106],"be":[3,151],"reprogrammed":[4],"to":[5,62,123,128,163],"a":[6,131,154],"pluripotent":[7,72,189],"stem-cell":[8],"state":[9],"by":[10,153],"ectopic":[11],"expression":[12,69],"of":[13,43,110,118,146,172,182],"defined":[14],"proteins.":[15],"However,":[16],"existing":[17],"reprogramming":[18,42,105,147],"methods":[19,148],"take":[20],"several":[21],"weeks,":[22,50],"suffer":[23],"from":[24,52],"low":[25],"efficiencies,":[26],"and":[27,40,81,144,169,187],"most":[28],"use":[29],"DNA-based":[30],"vectors,":[31],"which":[32],"carry":[33],"mutagenesis":[34],"risks.":[35],"Here,":[36],"we":[37],"describe":[38],"efficient":[39],"rapid":[41],"human":[44],"using":[46,91],"RNA.":[47],"Within":[48],"two":[49],"fibroblasts":[51,127],"7":[53],"adult":[54,126],"patients,":[55],"including":[56],"5":[57],"Parkinson's":[58],"patients":[59],"aged":[60],"53":[61],"85,":[63],"formed":[64],"colonies":[65],"that":[66,103,141],"exhibited":[67],"gene":[68],"consistent":[70],"with":[71,96,130],"stem":[73,190],"cells.":[74,191],"Established":[75],"lines":[76,108],"generated":[77],"teratomas":[78],"in":[79,87],"vivo,":[80],"differentiated":[82],"into":[83],"tyrosine":[84],"hydroxylase-positive":[85],"neurons":[86],"vitro.":[88],"Genetic":[89],"analysis":[90],"array":[92],"comparative":[93],"genomic":[94],"hybridization":[95],"an":[97],"8.9kb":[98],"median":[99],"probe":[100],"spacing":[101],"demonstrated":[102],"RNA":[104,173],"yield":[107],"free":[109],"copy":[111],"number":[112],"variations.":[113],"The":[114],"very":[115],"high":[116,165],"efficiency":[117,143],"this":[119,175],"technique":[120,176],"allowed":[121],"us":[122],"reprogram":[124],"single":[125],"pluripotency":[129],"44%":[132],"success":[133],"rate":[134],"(n":[135],"=":[136],"9).":[137],"Our":[138],"results":[139],"suggest":[140],"the":[142,164,180],"kinetics":[145],"need":[149],"not":[150],"limited":[152],"fundamental":[155],"stochastic":[156],"element":[157],"as":[158],"has":[159],"been":[160],"suggested.":[161],"Due":[162],"efficiency,":[166],"speed,":[167],"reliability,":[168],"integration-free":[170],"nature":[171],"reprogramming,":[174],"will":[177],"likely":[178],"become":[179],"method":[181],"choice":[183],"for":[184],"generating":[185],"disease":[186],"patient-specific":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
