{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2209966253","doi":null,"title":"The proteins and the mechanisms of apoptosis: a mini-review of the fundamentals.","display_name":"The proteins and the mechanisms of apoptosis: a mini-review of the fundamentals.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2209966253","mag":"2209966253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19582203","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2658792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19582203","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19582203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hippokratia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2658792/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067902090","display_name":"Vasilios Papaliagkas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Papaliagkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037479691","display_name":"A. Anogianaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Anogianaki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110003056","display_name":"G. Anogianakis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Anogianakis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017608249","display_name":"George C. Ilonidis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Ilonidis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0257,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01989716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"108","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10583","display_name":"Cancer-related Molecular Pathways","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14208","display_name":"Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptotic-proteins","display_name":"apoptotic proteins","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatin-condensation","display_name":"chromatin condensation","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-fragmentation","display_name":"DNA fragmentation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phagocytosis","display_name":"phagocytosis","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegenerative-diseases","display_name":"neurodegenerative diseases","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"cancer","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-dysfunction","display_name":"immune dysfunction","score":0.8420000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7442668080329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74318829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36458","display_name":"Multicellular organism","level":3,"score":0.7156714797019958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.6052748560905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5789504051208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.570401668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160448771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184726","display_name":"Phagocytosis","level":2,"score":0.5520732402801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5367611050605774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5324161052703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83640560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Chromatin","level":3,"score":0.5027353763580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.48800721764564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4806760251522064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4762318730354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4319019317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4273124635219574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.41325467824935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.360636830329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.2662057876586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.15623319149017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.13244956731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19582203","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19582203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hippokratia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2658792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2658792/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hippokratia","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2209966253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19582203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2658792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2658792/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hippokratia","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155090137","https://openalex.org/W1650797637","https://openalex.org/W1964617786","https://openalex.org/W1967357725","https://openalex.org/W1976065095","https://openalex.org/W1976312800","https://openalex.org/W1978093163","https://openalex.org/W1979995768","https://openalex.org/W1982421412","https://openalex.org/W1985442766","https://openalex.org/W1991494214","https://openalex.org/W1992940854","https://openalex.org/W2002636141","https://openalex.org/W2008597649","https://openalex.org/W2008876188","https://openalex.org/W2016875675","https://openalex.org/W2034915619","https://openalex.org/W2046848104","https://openalex.org/W2048929195","https://openalex.org/W2049291815","https://openalex.org/W2050866010","https://openalex.org/W2057585964","https://openalex.org/W2057955051","https://openalex.org/W2059666350","https://openalex.org/W2062848574","https://openalex.org/W2064598952","https://openalex.org/W2068311282","https://openalex.org/W2081337589","https://openalex.org/W2107167981","https://openalex.org/W2107789276","https://openalex.org/W2116145077","https://openalex.org/W2116635868","https://openalex.org/W2130866079","https://openalex.org/W2131129074","https://openalex.org/W2148207751","https://openalex.org/W2149840353","https://openalex.org/W2149967205","https://openalex.org/W2150710841","https://openalex.org/W2151642508","https://openalex.org/W2156110752","https://openalex.org/W2157999078","https://openalex.org/W2160345685","https://openalex.org/W2167918176","https://openalex.org/W2333863516","https://openalex.org/W2417140753"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008757142","https://openalex.org/W2329088167","https://openalex.org/W2404665213","https://openalex.org/W22925787","https://openalex.org/W7135606634","https://openalex.org/W131987728","https://openalex.org/W2936692683","https://openalex.org/W7217507593","https://openalex.org/W112005226","https://openalex.org/W2144804106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Apoptosis":[0,28],"or":[1,64],"programmed":[2],"cell":[3,18],"death":[4],"is":[5,29,43],"a":[6,30],"physiological":[7],"mechanism,":[8],"characterized":[9],"by":[10],"specific":[11],"morphological":[12],"and":[13,26,36,68,85,102,120],"biochemical":[14],"changes":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"shrinkage,":[19],"chromatin":[20],"condensation,":[21],"protein":[22],"cleavage,":[23],"DNA":[24],"breakdown":[25],"phagocytosis.":[27],"significant":[31],"contributor":[32],"to":[33,100,103,113],"the":[34,47,56,82,118,121],"morphologic":[35],"functional":[37],"development":[38],"of":[39,49,55,87,94,123],"multicellular":[40],"organisms.":[41],"It":[42],"also":[44,98],"involved":[45,80],"in":[46,81],"pathogenesis":[48],"several":[50],"diseases":[51,54],"including":[52],"degenerative":[53],"central":[57],"nervous":[58],"system":[59,70],"(CNS)":[60],"like":[61],"Alzheimer's":[62],"disease":[63],"Parkinson's":[65],"disease,":[66],"cancer":[67],"immune":[69],"dysfunction.":[71],"There":[72],"are":[73,79],"many":[74],"factors,":[75],"mainly":[76],"proteins,":[77],"which":[78],"activation,":[83],"regulation":[84,122],"execution":[86],"related":[88],"events.":[89],"A":[90],"fairly":[91],"detailed":[92],"outline":[93,114],"apoptotic":[95],"mechanisms":[96,119],"has":[97],"started":[99],"emerge":[101],"be":[104],"verified.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"short,":[108],"focused":[109],"mini-review,":[110],"we":[111],"attempt":[112],"current":[115],"evidence":[116],"regarding":[117],"apoptosis.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
