{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2208079849","doi":null,"title":"A concept of clean toilet from the Islamic perspective","display_name":"A concept of clean toilet from the Islamic perspective","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2208079849","mag":"2208079849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2208079849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.iium.edu.my/1525/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028222748","display_name":"Asiah Abdul Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-9804","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-9804"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asiah Abdul Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1872-9804","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028222748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29718842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13599","display_name":"Architecture and Cultural Influences","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13599","display_name":"Architecture and Cultural Influences","score":0.8461999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13700","display_name":"Gender Studies and Social Issues","score":0.11219999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12651","display_name":"Halal products and consumer behavior","score":0.015799999237060547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-design","display_name":"universal design","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-needs","display_name":"user needs","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778357586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857","display_name":"Toilet","level":2,"score":0.7373225688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.7026786804199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5177820920944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.48981544375419617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994102451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7892","display_name":"Clean water","level":2,"score":0.4571215808391571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4001968502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3388563096523285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30283305048942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30150723457336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19333839416503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2208079849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://irep.iium.edu.my/1525/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106731620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2267530172","https://openalex.org/W1641939305","https://openalex.org/W3026765178","https://openalex.org/W7009395176","https://openalex.org/W2632862087","https://openalex.org/W7055730211","https://openalex.org/W7115814637","https://openalex.org/W7094653121","https://openalex.org/W7221274718","https://openalex.org/W3204056143"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Islam":[0,296],"is":[1,14,22,68,131,246,258,271,297],"the":[2,12,18,25,48,76,85,89,113,151,234,240,275,288],"official":[3],"religion":[4],"of":[5,11,20,24,72,100,115,142,216,236,243,253,292,303],"Malaysia":[6],"and":[7,28,35,58,78,110,125,139,147,164,194,219,262,283,290,300],"more":[8,149],"than":[9,150],"half":[10],"population":[13],"Muslim.":[15],"As":[16],"Muslims,":[17],"aspect":[19],"cleanliness":[21],"one":[23],"most":[26],"important":[27,272],"basic":[29],"things":[30],"that":[31,257],"should":[32,229],"be":[33,82,230],"followed":[34],"practised":[36],"in":[37,47,84,103],"everyday":[38],"life.":[39],"Allah":[40],"loves":[41,52,60],"those":[42,53,61,118],"cleanse":[43,63],"themselves":[44,64],"as":[45,88,135,173,183,192,264,266,279,295],"quoted":[46],"holy":[49],"Qur'an.\r\n\r\n..":[50],"God":[51],"who":[54,62],"turn":[55],"to":[56,156,176,181,273],"Him,":[57],"He":[59],".(Surah":[65],"Al-Baqarah:":[66],"222)\r\n\r\nThere":[67],"a":[69,137,143,159,174,196,201,224,247,250,254,298],"growing":[70],"awareness":[71],"public":[73,77,127,197,225,255],"toilets":[74],"among":[75,117],"authorities":[79],"which":[80],"can":[81,281],"seen":[83],"events":[86],"such":[87,191],"A":[90],"Clean":[91],"Toilet":[92],"Campaign":[93],"Seminar":[94],"held":[95],"at":[96],"national":[97],"level":[98,114],"end":[99],"July":[101],"2003":[102],"lohor":[104],"Bahru,":[105],"Johor.":[106],"Criticisms":[107],"by":[108],"visitors":[109],"locals":[111],"stirred":[112],"consciousness":[116],"responsible":[119],"directly":[120],"or":[121,179,213],"indirectly":[122],"for":[123,249,287],"clean":[124],"effective":[126],"facilities.":[128],"Nowadays,":[129],"toilet":[130,160,198,256,277,293],"no":[132],"longer":[133],"perceived":[134],"merely":[136],"small":[138],"insignificant":[140],"part":[141],"building.":[144],"It":[145,167],"contributes":[146],"serves":[148],"initial":[152],"purposes":[153],"intended.":[154],"Due":[155],"socio-economic":[157],"changes,":[158],"has":[161,168,199,284],"been":[162],"diversified":[163],"become":[165,200],"multi-functions.":[166],"surpassed":[169],"its":[170],"traditional":[171],"role":[172],"place":[175],"empty":[177],"bowels":[178],"urinates":[180],"serve":[182],"comfortable":[184,261],"vicinity":[185],"with":[186],"conveniences.":[187],"In":[188,222,268],"developed":[189],"countries":[190],"Japan":[193],"Korea,":[195],"communal":[202],"area":[203],"where":[204],"people":[205],"could":[206],"do":[207],"face":[208],"washing,":[209],"showering,":[210],"freshen":[211],"up":[212],"taking":[214],"care":[215],"their":[217],"kids":[218],"so":[220],"on.":[221],"designing":[223],"toilet,":[226],"some":[227],"elements":[228],"highlighted":[231],"particularly":[232],"on":[233],"understanding":[235],"users":[237],"needs.":[238],"With":[239],"various":[241],"type":[242],"users,":[244],"there":[245],"need":[248],"universal":[251,299],"design":[252,289],"always":[259],"clean,":[260],"safe":[263],"well":[265],"relaxing.":[267],"Malaysia,":[269],"it":[270],"understand":[274],"'Islamic":[276],"manner'":[278],"they":[280],"influence":[282],"direct":[285],"implications":[286],"planning":[291],"facilities":[294],"advocates":[301],"matter":[302],"cleanliness.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}